Publikationen im Open Access gefördert durch die UB
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/66
2024-03-29T09:12:20ZCues for predictive eye movements in naturalistic scenes
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19051
Cues for predictive eye movements in naturalistic scenes
Goettker, Alexander; Borgerding, Nils; Leeske, Linus; Gegenfurtner, Karl R.
We previously compared following of the same trajectories with eye movements, but either as an isolated targets or embedded in a naturalistic scene—in this case, the movement of a puck in an ice hockey game. We observed that the oculomotor system was able to leverage the contextual cues available in the naturalistic scene to produce predictive eye movements. In this study, we wanted to assess which factors are critical for achieving this predictive advantage by manipulating four factors: the expertise of the viewers, the amount of available peripheral information, and positional and kinematic cues. The more peripheral information became available (by manipulating the area of the video that was visible), the better the predictions of all observers. However, expert ice hockey fans were consistently better at predicting than novices and used peripheral information more effectively for predictive saccades. Artificial cues about player positions did not lead to a predictive advantage, whereas impairing the causal structure of kinematic cues by playing the video in reverse led to a severe impairment. When videos were flipped vertically to introduce more difficult kinematic cues, predictive behavior was comparable to watching the original videos. Together, these results demonstrate that, when contextual information is available in naturalistic scenes, the oculomotor system is successfully integrating them and is not relying only on low-level information about the target trajectory. Critical factors for successful prediction seem to be the amount of available information, experience with the stimuli, and the availability of intact kinematic cues for player movements.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZBesnoitia besnoiti-induced neutrophil clustering and neutrophil extracellular trap formation depend on P2X1 purinergic receptor signaling
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19050
Besnoitia besnoiti-induced neutrophil clustering and neutrophil extracellular trap formation depend on P2X1 purinergic receptor signaling
Espinosa, Gabriel; Conejeros, Iván; Rojas-Barón, Lisbeth; Hermosilla, Carlos Rodrigo; Taubert, Anja
Bovine besnoitiosis is a re-emerging cattle disease caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation represents an efficient innate immune mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) against apicomplexan parasites, including B. besnoiti. PMN purinergic signaling was proposed as a critical factor for NET formation. One important purinergic ligand is ATP, which is recognized as a danger signal and released into the extracellular space acting as an autocrine/paracrine signaling molecule. ATP-driven effects on PMN via the nucleotide P2 receptor family include chemotaxis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NET formation. So far, data on both PMN ATP concentrations and the role of ATP as a key modulator of purinergic signaling in B. besnoiti tachyzoite-triggered bovine NETosis is scarce. Current data showed that B. besnoiti tachyzoite exposure to bovine PMN neither changed total PMN ATP nor extracellular ATP quantities even though it significantly triggered NET formation. Moreover, B. besnoiti tachyzoite-exposed PMN revealed enhanced oxygen consumption rates (OCR) as quantified by the Seahorse metabolic analyzer. Exogenous supplementation of ATP or non-hydrolizable ATP (ATPγS) led to increased extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) but failed to alter tachyzoite-induced oxidative responses (OCR) in exposed PMN. In addition, exogenous supplementation of ATPγS, but not of ATP, boosted B. besnoiti tachyzoite-induced anchored NET formation. Referring to purinergic signaling, B. besnoiti tachyzoite-triggered anchored NET formation revealed P2X1 purinergic as receptor-dependent since it was blocked by the P2X1 inhibitor NF449 at an IC50 of 1.27 µM. In contrast, antagonists of P2Y2, P2Y6, P2X4, and P2X7 purinergic receptors all failed to affect parasite-driven NETosis. As an interesting finding, we additionally observed that B. besnoiti tachyzoite exposure induced PMN clustering in a P2X1-dependent manner. Thus, we identified P2X1 purinergic receptor as a pivotal molecule for both B. besnoiti tachyzoite-induced PMN clustering and anchored NET formation.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZBiomarkers in Endurance Exercise: Individualized Regulation and Predictive Value
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19049
Biomarkers in Endurance Exercise: Individualized Regulation and Predictive Value
Hacker, Sebastian; Keck, Johannes; Reichel, Thomas; Eder, Klaus; Ringseis, Robert; Krüger, Karsten; Krüger, Britta
The high interindividual variability of exercise response complicates the efficient use of blood-based biomarkers in sports. To address this problem, a useful algorithm to characterize the individual regulation and predictive value of different candidate markers will be developed. Forty-nine participants completed two identical exercise trials. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 3 hours after, and 24 hours after completion of exercise. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, creatine kinase (CK), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Individualized regulation was analyzed using k-means clustering and a Group Assignment Quality (GAQ) score. Regression trees with a bootstrapped-aggregated approach were used to assess the predictive qualities of the markers. For most of the markers studied, a distinction can be made between individuals who show a stronger or weaker response to a particular endurance training program. The regulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK exhibited a high degree of stability within the individuals. Regarding the predictive power of the markers, for all dependent variables, the most accurate predictions were obtained for cortisol and IL-8 based on the baseline value. For CK, a good prediction of recovery of maximal strength and subjective feeling of exhaustion can be made. For IL-1RA and TBARS, especially their reregulation can be predicted if the baseline level is known. Focusing individual variations in biomarker responses, our results suggest the combined use of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK for the personalized management of stress and recovery cycles following endurance exercise.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZDistSNE: Distributed computing and online visualization of DNA methylation-based central nervous system tumor classification
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19048
DistSNE: Distributed computing and online visualization of DNA methylation-based central nervous system tumor classification
Schmid, Kai; Sehring, Jannik; Németh, Attila; Harter, Patrick N.; Weber, Katharina J.; Vengadeswaran, Abishaa; Storf, Holger; Seidemann, Christian; Karki, Kapil; Fischer, Patrick; Dohmen, Hildegard; Selignow, Carmen; von Deimling, Andreas; Grau, Stefan; Schröder, Uwe; Plate, Karl H.; Stein, Marco; Uhl, Eberhard; Acker, Till; Amsel, Daniel
The current state-of-the-art analysis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors through DNA methylation profiling relies on the tumor classifier developed by Capper and colleagues, which centrally harnesses DNA methylation data provided by users. Here, we present a distributed-computing-based approach for CNS tumor classification that achieves a comparable performance to centralized systems while safeguarding privacy. We utilize the t-distributed neighborhood embedding (t-SNE) model for dimensionality reduction and visualization of tumor classification results in two-dimensional graphs in a distributed approach across multiple sites (DistSNE). DistSNE provides an intuitive web interface (https://gin-tsne.med.uni-giessen.de) for user-friendly local data management and federated methylome-based tumor classification calculations for multiple collaborators in a DataSHIELD environment. The freely accessible web interface supports convenient data upload, result review, and summary report generation. Importantly, increasing sample size as achieved through distributed access to additional datasets allows DistSNE to improve cluster analysis and enhance predictive power. Collectively, DistSNE enables a simple and fast classification of CNS tumors using large-scale methylation data from distributed sources, while maintaining the privacy and allowing easy and flexible network expansion to other institutes. This approach holds great potential for advancing human brain tumor classification and fostering collaborative precision medicine in neuro-oncology.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZInvestigation of the Stability of the Poly(ethylene oxide)|LiNi1-x-y CoxMnyO2 Interface in Solid-State Batteries
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19047
Investigation of the Stability of the Poly(ethylene oxide)|LiNi1-x-y CoxMnyO2 Interface in Solid-State Batteries
Yusim, Yuriy; Hunstock, Dirk F.; Mayer, Alexander; Bresser, Dominic; Passerini, Stefano; Janek, Jürgen; Henss, Anja
While solid-state batteries (SSBs) comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) based electrolytes are successfully commercialized already for operation at elevated temperature, the selection of the cathode active material (CAM) has so far been limited to LiFePO4. When using high-voltage CAMs such as LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM), the cells experience fast capacity fading – the cause of which is not consistently understood in literature. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in a three-electrode setup are applied to confirm that the NCM|PEO interface is indeed the Achilles' heel in PEO-based SSBs at high voltages. In this regard, the interfacial stability on the cathode side depends not only on the upper cut-off voltage, but also on the molecular weight of PEO, strongly affecting the cell performance. Scanning electron microscopy images of the cathodes after cycling suggest that at high voltages interfacial degradation leads to fragmentation of the polymer backbone and to a decrease in viscosity of the solid polymer electrolyte. Overall, the results help to understand the detrimental processes occurring in PEO-based SSBs in combination with high-voltage cathodes.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZSecondary 3-Chloropiperidines: Powerful Alkylating Agents
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19046
Secondary 3-Chloropiperidines: Powerful Alkylating Agents
Georg, Mats; Laping, Lina Alexandra; Billo, Veronica; Gatto, Barbara; Friedhoff, Peter; Göttlich, Richard
In previous works, we demonstrated that tertiary 3-chloropiperidines are potent chemotherapeutics, alkylating the DNA through the formation of bicyclic aziridinium ions. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel secondary 3-chloropiperidine analogues. The synthesis incorporates a new procedure to monochlorinate unsaturated primary amines utilizing N-chlorosuccinimide, while carefully monitoring the temperature to prevent dichlorination. Furthermore, we successfully isolated highly strained bicyclic aziridines by treating the secondary 3-chloropiperidines with a sufficient amount of base. We conclude this work with a DNA cleavage assay as a proof of principle, comparing our previously known substrates to the novel compounds. In this, the secondary 3-chloropiperidine as well as the isolated bicyclic aziridine, proved to be more effective than their tertiary counterpart.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZChairside 3-D printed impression trays: a new approach to increase the accuracy of conventional implant impression taking? An in vitro study
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19045
Chairside 3-D printed impression trays: a new approach to increase the accuracy of conventional implant impression taking? An in vitro study
Schmidt, Alexander; Berschin, Cara; Wöstmann, Bernd; Schlenz, Maximiliane Amelie
Purpose: A high transfer accuracy of the intraoral implant position to a model is required, to manufacture implant-supported restorations. However, clinically relevant deviations persist between the intraoral implant position and the model obtained, even for the benchmark conventional custom implant impressions with polyether. Thus, new approaches using 3-D printed impression trays may increase the transfer accuracy of implant impressions. The ability to adjust parameters such as the thickness of the layers and the influence of the openings in the impression tray could potentially affect accuracy.
Methods: Four different types of impression trays (n = 10 for each group) for the conventional impression technique were investigated: conventional custom impression tray, customized foil tray, chairside 3-D printed impression tray with the SHERA system, and the Primeprint system using an implant master model with four implants in the posterior region and a reference cube. After plaster model casting, all models were measured using a coordinate measuring machine, and the deviation from the reference dataset was determined. A statistical ANOVA analysis was performed (p < 0.05).
Results: Chairside 3-D printed impression trays showed the best results, followed by conventional custom impression trays. Implant impressions obtained using a customized foil tray exhibited the lowest accuracy. Statistically significant differences were observed between 3-D printed impression trays and conventional custom impression and customized foil trays (p < 0.05). Whereas, the implant position did not have any significant influence on accuracy (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Chairside 3-D printed impression trays significantly increase the transfer accuracy for implant impression taking.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZContact Endoscopy - Narrow Band Imaging (CE-NBI) data set for laryngeal lesion assessment
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19044
Contact Endoscopy - Narrow Band Imaging (CE-NBI) data set for laryngeal lesion assessment
Esmaeili, Nazila; Davaris, Nikolaos; Boese, Axel; Illanes, Alfredo; Navab, Nassir; Friebe, Michael; Arens, Christoph
The endoscopic examination of subepithelial vascular patterns within the vocal fold is crucial for clinicians seeking to distinguish between benign lesions and laryngeal cancer. Among innovative techniques, Contact Endoscopy combined with Narrow Band Imaging (CE-NBI) offers real-time visualization of these vascular structures. Despite the advent of CE-NBI, concerns have arisen regarding the subjective interpretation of its images. As a result, several computer-based solutions have been developed to address this issue. This study introduces the CE-NBI data set, the first publicly accessible data set that features enhanced and magnified visualizations of subepithelial blood vessels within the vocal fold. This data set encompasses 11144 images from 210 adult patients with pathological vocal fold conditions, where CE-NBI images are annotated using three distinct label categories. The data set has proven invaluable for numerous clinical assessments geared toward diagnosing laryngeal cancer using Optical Biopsy. Furthermore, given its versatility for various image analysis tasks, we have devised and implemented diverse image classification scenarios using Machine Learning (ML) approaches to address critical clinical challenges in assessing laryngeal lesions.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZContact-free impacts of sessile reef organisms on stony coral productivity
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19043
Contact-free impacts of sessile reef organisms on stony coral productivity
Engelhardt, Kara E.; Vetter, Jana; Wöhrmann-Zipf, Franziska; Dietzmann, André; Proll, Franziska M.; Reifert, Hannah; Schüll, Ilona; Stahlmann, Max; Ziegler, Maren
Coral reefs are biodiversity and productivity hotspots where space limitation makes interactions between organisms inevitable. Biodiversity loss alters these interactions, however downstream effects on the productivity of individual species remain unexplored. Here, we quantified immediate and long-term changes in stony coral productivity in response to contact-free interactions with various benthic organisms (stony corals, soft corals, macroalgae, sponges). We show that corals sense the presence of other organisms and subsequently modulate their productivity. Each stony coral species had a characteristic reaction to contact-free stimuli, while the identity of the interaction partner was of subordinate importance. Our data highlight downstream effects that biodiversity loss and shifting coral reef communities may have through indirect modulation of productivity, resulting in uneven effects among species. The productivity response is probably mediated by secondary metabolites released into the water. The underlying communication pathways that mediate these interactions remain to be investigated.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZFasciola hepatica soluble antigens (FhAg) induce ovine PMN innate immune reactions and NET formation in vitro and in vivo
https://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/19042
Fasciola hepatica soluble antigens (FhAg) induce ovine PMN innate immune reactions and NET formation in vitro and in vivo
Muñoz-Caro, Tamara; Gómez-Ceruti, Marcela; Silva, Liliana M. R.; Gutiérrez-Expósito, Daniel; Wagner, Henrik; Taubert, Anja; Hermosilla, Carlos
Fasciola hepatica causes liver fluke disease, a worldwide neglected and re-emerging zoonotic disease, leading to hepatitis in humans and livestock. In the pathogenesis, flukes actively migrate through liver parenchyma provoking tissue damage. Here, parasites must confront leukocytes of the innate immune system in vivo. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the most abundant granulocytes and first ones arriving at infection sites. PMN may display neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), consisting of nuclear DNA, decorated with histones, enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides. We investigated for the first time whether F. hepatica soluble antigens (FhAg) can also trigger NETosis and innate immune reactions in exposed ovine PMN. Thus, isolated PMN were co-cultured with FhAg and NET formation was visualized by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analyses resulting in various phenotypes with spread NETs being the most detected in vitro. In line, NETs quantification via Picogreen®-fluorometric measurements revealed induction of anchored- and cell free NETs phenotypes. Live cell 3D-holotomographic microscopy revealed degranulation of stimulated PMN at 30 min exposure to FhAg. Functional PMN chemotaxis assays showed a significant increase of PMN migration (p = 0.010) and intracellular ROS production significantly increased throughout time (p = 0.028). Contrary, metabolic activities profiles of FhAg-exposed PMN did not significantly increase. Finally, in vivo histopathological analysis on F. hepatica-parasitized liver tissue sections of sheep showed multifocal infiltration of inflammatory cells within liver parenchyma, and further fluorescence microscopy analyses confirmed NETs formation in vivo. Overall, we hypothesized that NET-formation is a relevant host defence mechanism that might have a role in the pathogenesis of fasciolosis in vivo.
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z