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Item type: Item , Antidiabetic and antioxidant profiling of 67 African trifoliate yam accessions by planar on-surface assays versus in vitro assays(2025) Aiyedun, Priscilla O.; Sonibare, Mubo A.; Gueye, Badara; Albach, Dirk C.; Heil, Julia; Morlock, GertrudBTrifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) is traditionally used to treat diabetics in Nigeria. However, almost no information is available on its antidiabetic constituents and their natural variance. Hence, the activity of methanolic tuber extracts of 67 trifoliate yam accessions from the largest collection in Africa was proven by four colorimetric antidiabetic and antioxidant in vitro assays, as diabetes is also linked with oxidative stress. For the first time, selected accessions were also analyzed by planar bioactivity profiling. It has a comparatively higher, more differentiated information content, is more sustainable in terms of material consumption, and enables straightforward compound prioritization and characterization. Up to a dozen individual antioxidant zones were revealed as well as one prominent zone inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The latter inhibition zone was tentatively assigned to palmitic, linoleic, oleic, linolenic, oxo-nonanoic fatty acids by direct elution to heated electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry.Item type: Item , What role do attitudes, information and taste play in consumer preferences and willingness to pay for domestic alternatives to exotic superfoods?(2025) Gassler, Birgit; Teuber, RamonaSuperfoods are a recent health-oriented food trend, especially among younger consumers. The most well-known superfoods, such as quinoa or goji berries, are considered exotic foods, at least for the European market. This contradicts another food trend: the movement towards regional or local foods. As little is known about how consumers evaluate this trade-off when consuming superfoods, we investigate i) consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for domestic and exotic superfood ingredients; and ii) factors determining a higher WTP for domestic superfood alternatives. To this end, we conducted a three-step Vickrey auction of fruit smoothies with exotic and domestic superfood ingredients. A total of 116 individuals participated in the within-subjects experiment, which included an information treatment, tastings and a sensory evaluation. In general, participants perceived superfoods as a healthy but expensive food trend potentially harmful to the environment. Moreover, participants were eager to try the exotic smoothie, but agreed more strongly with statements endorsing the positive health benefits and good taste of the domestic smoothie. In general, we found a higher WTP for the domestic smoothie, which was reinforced by providing information about the origin of the fruits. After tasting, the WTP a premium for the domestic smoothie was driven by differences in sensory evaluations, but no longer by product perceptions and food neophobia. This indicates that food neophobia is related to taste uncertainty, which was resolved by the tasting. We discuss practical implications for fruit growers and processors marketing products containing novel and familiar superfood ingredients.Item type: Item , Loss of right ventricular outflow function in pulmonary hypertension(2025) da Rocha, Bruno R. Brito; Yogeswaran, Athiththan; Lakatos, Bálint K.; Fábián, Alexandra; Gall, Henning; Ghofrani, Hossein A.; Kremer, Nils C.; Schäfer, Simon; Seeger, Werner; Zedler, Daniel; Yildiz, Selin; Rako, Zvonimir A.; Kovács, Attila; Tello, KhodrRight ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) function is not systematically quantified by three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. We tested the hypothesis that loss of RVOT function in pulmonary hypertension (PH) is related to disease severity independently of other echocardiographic parameters. In this observational study, patients with PH, disease controls, and a matched healthy control group underwent 3D echocardiography and RVOT analysis using ReVISION software. The study included 43 patients (38 with PH, 5 disease controls) and 43 healthy controls. Median 3D RVOT-ejection fraction (EF) was 30.4% in the patients and 44.2% in the healthy controls (p < 0.001). Patients with low 3D RVOT-EF (<30.4%) were more frequently categorized in higher-risk groups and had a higher incidence of clinical worsening than those with high 3D RVOT-EF. Even in patients with RV-EF ≥35%, those with low 3D RVOT-EF had worse outcomes. Segmental RVOT analysis identifies high-risk patients even with normal overall RV function.Item type: Item , Exploring the categorical nature of colour perception : insights from artificial networks(2025) Akbarinia, ArashThe electromagnetic spectrum of light from a rainbow is a continuous signal, yet we perceive it vividly in several distinct colour categories. The origins and underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain partly unexplained. We investigate categorical colour perception in artificial neural networks (ANNs) using the odd-one-out paradigm. In the first experiment, we compared unimodal vision networks (e.g., ImageNet object recognition) to multimodal vision-language models (e.g., CLIP text-image matching). Our results show that vision networks predict a significant portion of human data (approximately 80%), while vision-language models account for the remaining unexplained data, even in non-linguistic experiments. These findings suggest that categorical colour perception is a language-independent representation, though it is partly shaped by linguistic colour terms during its development. In the second experiment, we explored how the visual task influences the colour categories of an ANN by examining twenty-four Taskonomy networks. Our results indicate that human-like colour categories are task-dependent, predominantly emerging in semantic and 3D tasks, with a notable absence in low-level tasks. To explain this difference, we analysed kernel responses before the winner-takes-all stage, observing that networks with mismatching colour categories may still align in underlying continuous representations. Our findings quantify the dual influence of visual signals and linguistic factors in categorical colour perception and demonstrate the task-dependent nature of this phenomenon, suggesting that categorical colour perception emerges to facilitate certain visual tasks.Item type: Item , Natural Product Discovery at the Intersection of Genomics and Synthetic Biology: Insights from Bacteroidota and Acidobacteriota(2025) Zumkeller, Celine MaraMicrobial natural products remain a valuable source of bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics; however, discovery pipelines often encounter issues such as rediscovery, culture bias, and natural product (NP)-encoding but silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This dissertation connects and applies an omics-guided, cultivation-dependent workflow for underexplored Bacteroidota and Acidobacteriota. It also establishes a heterologous expression toolkit for optimising the expression of silent biosynthetic gene clusters by applying synthetic biology principles. The section “Genome Mining of Bacteroidota” employed genome mining tools, including quality control, taxonomy, BGC prediction, and similarity networking, to profile and describe newly isolated marine Bacteroidota. These expanded genomic reference resources support future rational strain prioritisation for natural product discovery. Thus, the work establishes a foundation for systematic genomics documentation and reporting, enabling portfolio-style reporting of novel strains that are being included in the Fraunhofer (FHG) strain collection. A genus-wide analysis of the Pedobacter (phylum Bacteroidota) identified a branch genetically enriched in multimodular non-ribosomal peptide BGCs. Genetic validation connected one NRP cluster of interest to the novel cryopeptin lipopeptide family, positioning this clade as a genetically tractable hotspot for novel scaffolds. The section “Profiling of Novel Acidobacteriota” investigates the biosynthetic potential of the Acidobacteriota. High-throughput selective cultivation yielded novel representatives of the Acidobacteriaceae, which were profiled for their BGC composition in a comparative study of curated public Acidobacteriota genomes. Metabolomics revealed the production of the phytohormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the cytokinin N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP). Subsequent tryptophan supplementation drove a global metabolic shift, also increasing IAA production while generally decreasing iP. Absolute quantification of phytohormones placed amounts within functionally relevant ranges, but crude-extract testing did not increase barley seedling biomass under the tested conditions. Furthermore, tryptophan-driven metabolic reprogramming induced the production of indole-derived antifungal metabolites that inhibited the growth of the phytopathogen Septoria tritici. These results refine the ecological and functional potential of Acidobacteriota and map the distributions of plant growth-promoting traits (PGPTs) across families. The last section presents HEL, a modular, heterologous expression and library-style cloning platform that retrofits BGC clones with reusable, exchangeable expression cassettes (e.g., promoter libraries) and optional host-specific compatibility cassettes for broad chassis transfer. By doing so, HEL enables the tuning of expression by linking a prioritised BGC to standard, library-style phenotypes using modular cloning (MoClo), a Golden Gate-like cloning method. Collectively, this dissertation provides a reproducible genomic workflow for underexplored phyla and the FHG strain collection (i); new genomic resources, genetic prioritisation, and tractability in Pedobacter (ii); integrated genomic–metabolomic insights into tryptophan-induced metabolic dynamics, phytohormone biology, and PGPT architecture in Acidobacteriaceae, and (iii) a flexible genetic toolkit (HEL) to induce activation or accelerate the expression of prioritised BGCs across different heterologous hosts.