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Item type: Item , Synergieeffekte aus den politischen Diskursen von CSRD und GAP: Ein Fokus auf die Nutztierhaltung in Deutschland(2025) Wallner, Philomene BarbaraDie vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie politische Nachhaltigkeitsregulierungen wie die Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) und die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik (GAP) die Nutztierhaltung in Deutschland beeinflussen. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, in welchem Verhältnis beide Regelwerke zueinanderstehen und ob sich aus ihrem Zusammenspiel Synergien oder Zielkonflikte ergeben. Die Analyse zeigt, dass CSRD und GAP trotz unterschiedlicher Zielsetzungen ein gemeinsames Anliegen verfolgen: die Förderung nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Gleichzeitig bestehen deutliche Unterschiede in Struktur, Methodik und der Ansprache relevanter Akteure. Während die GAP vor allem die Primärproduktion und ihre Umweltleistungen adressiert, verlangt die CSRD eine umfassende Berichterstattung, die ökologische, soziale und unternehmensbezogene Aspekte gleichermaßen berücksichtigt. Die qualitativen Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass Synergien insbesondere dann entstehen, wenn politische Instrumente inhaltlich und methodisch aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Klare Rahmenbedingungen, differenzierte Bewertungen und verlässliche Anreize schaffen die Grundlage dafür, Nachhaltigkeit gezielter und wirkungsvoller umzusetzen. Zielkonflikte treten dort auf, wo Anforderungen steigen, aber notwendige Unterstützung oder abgestimmte Maßstäbe fehlen. Es zeigt sich, dass nachhaltige Nutztierhaltung nur durch ein koordiniertes Zusammenspiel verschiedener Ebenen wirksam gestaltet werden kann. Abschließend skizziert die Arbeit mögliche Entwicklungspfade – von einer stärkeren Integration bis hin zur weiteren Fragmentierung. Sie zeigt auf, wie CSRD und GAP gemeinsam zur Transformation der Nutztierhaltung beitragen können, unter Einbezug geteilter Verantwortung und mit Fokus auf praxisnahe Lösungen entlang der Wertschöpfungskette.Item type: Item , Decoupling inert and reactive gas supply to optimize ion beam sputter deposition apparatus for a more efficient material deposition(2024) Benz, Sebastian L.; Müller, Isabel; Polity, Angelika; Klar, Peter J.; Becker, Martin; Chatterjee, SangamFor all technologies, the energy-payback time (EPBT) serves as a critical metric. As an example, we study ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD), a sputter deposition approach where plasma, target, and substrate are decoupled. We compare three different configurations for reactive gas injection in order to demonstrate how the corresponding thin-film deposition processes can be improved, i.e., via the ion source, close to the target, or close to the substrate. The latter two decouple the introduction of inert and reactive gases, thus enabling substantial additional control in the deposition process. We investigate nickel oxide (NiOx) thin films as a versatile model system which is of interest for a wide range of applications. In the growth process, we vary growth times between 5 and 205 min and examine O2/Ar flow ratios between 0.13 and 5.82 for the different gas inlet configurations. Based on detailed structural and compositional analyses of the deposited thin films, we show that the deposition mode significantly influences crystal quality, growth rate, and surface roughness. Notably, the configuration where the reactive gas is injected close to the Ni target leads to significant improvement of the crystalline quality of the deposited NiOx layers for thicknesses of 30–200 nm. Furthermore, reactive gas injection close to the substrate yields films of comparable quality for thicknesses of 800 nm and above, but at almost twice the growth rate. These findings present a promising avenue for optimizing EPBT of IBSD by yielding better films in shorter process times and at less energy consumption. Yet, for low O2/Ar ratios the formation of a secondary phase of NiAl2O4 spinel is observed.Item type: Item , Influence of different pre-treatments on the resin infiltration depth into enamel of teeth affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)(2024) Amend, Stefanie; Stork, Stephan; Lücker, Susanne; Seipp, Anika; Gärtner, Ulrich; Frankenberger, Roland; Krämer, NorbertObjectives: This in vitro pilot study aimed to evaluate whether different pre-treatments (demineralization, deproteinization, (chemo-)mechanical reduction of the surface layer) influence the penetration depth of a resin infiltrant into MIH-affected enamel compared to initial carious lesions. Methods: Thirty extracted human permanent molars with non-cavitated initial carious lesions (n = 5) or MIH (n = 25) were chosen and randomly assigned to six experimental groups: IC: initial caries; M: MIH; MN: MIH, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; MM: MIH, microabrasion; MA: MIH, air abrasion; MAN: MIH, air abrasion and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. A modified indirect dual fluorescence staining method was adopted to assess the penetration depth (PD) of the resin infiltrant and the lesion depth (LD) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Exemplarily, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were captured. The relationship between group assignment and penetration/lesion depth was estimated using a linear mixed model incorporating the tooth as random effect (two observations/tooth). The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: For MIH-affected molars, the mean PD (in µm; median, [minimum-maximum]) were M (178.2 [32.5–748.9]), MN (275.6 [105.3–1131.0]), MM (48.7 [0.0–334.4]), MA (287.7 [239.4–491.7]), and MAN (245.4 [76.1–313.5]). Despite the observed differences in PD between the groups, these could not be statistically verified (Bonferroni, p = 0.322). The percentage penetration was significantly higher for IC than for MIH groups (Bonferroni, p < 0.05). Significance: Compared to IC, resin infiltration into MIH-affected enamel ist more variable. Different pre-treatments influence the resin penetration into developmentally hypomineralized enamel to a fluctuating level.Item type: Item , Color matching in the wild(2024) Gil Rodríguez, Raquel; Vazquez-Corral, Javier; Bertalmío, Marcelo; Finlayson, Graham D.We present a method that, given two different views of the same scene taken by two cameras with unknown settings and internal parameters, corrects the colors of one of the images making it look as if it was captured under the other camera settings. Our method is able to deal with any standard non-linear encoded images (gamma-corrected, logarithmic-encoded, or any other) without requiring any previous knowledge of the encoding. To this end, our method makes use of two important observations. First, the camera imaging pipeline from RAW to sRGB can be well approximated by considering just a per-pixel shading and a color transformation matrix, and second, for correcting the images we only need to estimate a single matrix –that will contain information from both of the original images– and an approximation of the shading term (that emulates the non-linearity). Our proposed method is fast and the results have no spurious artifacts. The method outperforms the state-of-the-art when compared with other methods that do not require knowledge of the encoding used. It is also able to compete with –and even surpass in some cases– methods that consider information about image encoding.Item type: Item , All-in-one 2LabsToGo system for analysis of ergot alkaloids in whole rye(2024) Jakob, Kevin; Schwack, Wolfgang; Morlock, Gertrud E.Ergot alkaloids, naturally occurring mycotoxins of Claviceps fungi, pose health risks. This necessitates accurate analysis methods to ensure food safety. This study explored the open-source miniaturized all-in-one 2LabsToGo system to analyze ergot alkaloids in whole rye samples. It is suited for sustainable atline analysis as it combines all planar chromatography tasks, allowing low-cost quality control in milling plants. The LOD and LOQ of ergocristine were determined to be 0.4 and 1.2 ng/zone, respectively. Detectability of ergot alkaloids was proven to be below the current maximum limit of 500 µg/kg for rye milling products. The repeatability (%RSD) was 4.1 % and the coefficient of determination of the analytical response (R2) was 0.9918 for ergocristine. The mean recovery rate of ergot alkaloids in spiked whole rye grain was close to 100 %. Results of screening whole rye for ergot alkaloids were successfully verified by comparison with those obtained by conventional status quo HPTLC instrumentation.