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Item type: Item , More Than a Feeling: Towards a Holistic Understanding of Emotions and Attitudes in Organizational Cybersecurity(2025) von Preuschen, AlexandraAs digital transformation accelerates, cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated and frequent, resulting in significant financial consequences. While humans have traditionally been viewed as the weakest link in cybersecurity, they are increasingly recognized as an integral part of the solution in organizational security. Emotions and attitudes significantly influence human behavior - therefore, understanding these factors in the context of cybersecurity is essential for protecting organizations. This doctoral thesis explores emotions and attitudes in cybersecurity holistically by (1) identifying the emotions and attitudes related to organizational cybersecurity, (2) understanding the factors that contribute to emotions and attitudes in organizational cybersecurity, (3) investigating factors that can improve cybersecurity-related emotions and attitudes, and (4) applying reflections on emotions as a method to reshape how employees are viewed and how they are engaged within organizational cybersecurity contexts. To meet these goals, four studies were conducted. In the first study, we examine the diverse range of emotions employees experience regarding organizational cybersecurity, expanding beyond the traditional focus on fear. Through a qualitative survey of 112 participants and in-depth interviews with 26 employees, we identify (partially conflicting) emotions and their causes in individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors. Our findings highlight behavioral, social, and cognitive consequences of these emotions on security perceptions and actions, leading us to propose a framework for understanding cybersecurity-related emotions and recommendations for promoting secure behavior through a human-centered approach that enhances employee well-being. The second study explores how social and emotional dynamics affect users’ engagement with security behaviors using an online survey of 496 participants. We find that social support and emotionally resonant interventions encourage greater adoption of security practices. Engagement is influenced not only by knowledge but also by emotions and social interactions, leading us to advocate for interventions that address these dimensions. In the third study, we examine employees’ attitudes toward cybersecurity through interviews and focus groups with 17 participants. The results show which components contribute to cybersecurity attitudes and which factors, particularly (social) experiences and individual factors, shape attitudes toward cybersecurity. In addition, we highlight the needs users have in order to develop positive attitudes toward cybersecurity. The fourth study looks at how employees interact with cybersecurity in daily organizational life. Through interviews with 20 participants, we identified key points of contact, such as policy awareness and training. Mapping our insights onto the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST-CSF) reveals gaps in employee communication and emotional considerations. We offer recommendations for a holistic, employee-focused approach to organizational cybersecurity strategy. Central findings of this doctoral thesis encompass (1) a framework mapping security-related emotion, their causes and consequences, (2) a framework displaying influencing factors of security attitudes alongside their components, (3) a taxonomy of factors fostering positive attitudes and positive high-arousal emotions, and (4) insights for security practitioners, management, and researchers are provided, along with a discussion of the study’s limitations. The doctoral thesis concludes by suggesting research avenues, such as exploring specific stakeholders within cybersecurity, like the emotional experiences of security practitioners, to promote favorable workplace conditions and improve mental health in this domain.Item type: Item , Ein Vergleich der medizinischen Indikation der Septorhinoplastik mit der Wahrnehmung der eigenen Körperästhetik(2025) Packner, Sarah ChristinEinführung: Operative Eingriffe an der Nase gehören zu den häufigsten HNO-Operationen. Studien zur Septorhinoplastik fokussieren sich oft auf ästhetische Aspekte, während die Funktionsverbesserung nur ergänzend betrachtet wird. Eine Diskrepanz zwischen subjektiver Wahrnehmung und objektiven Messwerten sowie das Fehlen idealer objektiver Messmethoden erschweren die Indikationsstellung. Diese Studie untersucht den funktionellen Aspekt der Septorhinoplastik und relevante Einflussfaktoren. Zudem wird der Einfluss der Massenmedien auf das ästhetische Selbstbild analysiert, um die Beweggründe der Patienten – funktionell oder ästhetisch – besser zu verstehen. Methodik: 31 Septorhinoplastik-Patienten wurden prä- und postoperativ untersucht. Zudem wurden 220 präoperative Patientendaten aus dem Archiv ausgewertet und 20 Probanden als Kontrollgruppe rekrutiert. Durchgeführt wurden die Rhinometrie, Rhinoresistometrie, akustische Rhinometrie, ein Riech-, Schwellen- und Schmecktest. Mit Hilfe von Fragebögen wurden die subjektiven Beschwerden und das körperästhetische Empfinden untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Patienten zeigten stets eine signifikante Verbesserung in den Werten der objektiven Messungen, verblieben jedoch auch 6 Monate postoperativ im Bereich mittlerer Obstruktion. Die akustische Rhinometrie konnte Unterschiede zwischen den symptomatischen Patienten und den symptomlosen Probanden am genauesten aufzeigen. Sowohl prä- als auch postoperativ nahm das Rauchen einen negativen Einfluss auf die objektiven Messparameter. Patienten mit angeborener Septumfehlstellung zeigten nach anfänglicher Besserung ihrer Messwerte eine Verschlechterung in Richtung des präoperativen Zustandes. Ein Einfluss der Ethnie wurde nicht festgestellt. Der NOSE-Wert sank signifikant im postoperativen Verlauf und korrelierte mit der präoperativen Zufriedenheit mit dem Aussehen der Nase, der beruflichen Exposition gegenüber chemischen Noxen und der subjektiven Bedeutung des ersten Eindrucks. Keine Korrelation bestand mit dem Geschlecht, der Ethnie, der Ätiologie, dem Rauchen, den sozialen Medien oder der Körperästhetik. Ebenso konnte keine Korrelation zwischen der Nutzung von sozialen Medien und der Körperästhetik nachgewiesen werden. Diskussion: Der operative Eingriff reduziert die präoperative Variabilität objektiver Messwerte und führt zu homogeneren postoperativen Ergebnissen. Die hohe Interstudienvariabilität in der Literatur erfordert eine Überprüfung der Normalverteilung objektiver Parameter, da Hinweise auf eine schiefe Datenlage vorliegen, was maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Methodik der anschließenden Auswertung nimmt. Die Korrelation zwischen subjektiven und objektiven Parametern bleibt ungeklärt. Hinweise aus der Literatur deuten auf eine Beteiligung des N. trigeminus an der Wahrnehmung des nasalen Atemstroms hin, was in größeren Folgestudien mit spezifischen Tests weiter untersucht werden sollte. Patienten mit angeborener Septumdeviation scheinen eine höheres Rezidivrisiko zu besitzen. Ein postoperativer Beobachtungszeitraum von mind. 6 Monaten ist essenziell, um Fehlbeurteilungen zu vermeiden. Auch bei funktionell optimalem Ergebnis kann Unzufriedenheit bestehen, wenn ästhetische Erwartungen nicht erfüllt werden. Die Verbesserung der Ästhetik ist ein wichtiges Nebenprodukt des funktionellen Eingriffes. Der wachsende Einfluss sozialer Medien auf das ästhetische Selbstbild sollte in künftigen Studien mit Hilfe validierter psychologischer Fragebögen untersucht werden.Item type: Item , Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Tail Length and Tail Kinks in Piglets(2025) Gerhards, Katharina; Egerer, Christiane; Becker, Sabrina; Willems, Hermann; Engel, Petra; Koenig, Sven; Reiner, GeraldTail docking is still used in pigs to reduce the prevalence of tail biting, although it is purely symptomatic and contrary to animal welfare. Genetic selection for shorter tails might, however, help to avoid tail docking and has therefore been proposed. A genetic basis for tail length is known for many species. Variability in tail length, including moderate heritability, has also been demonstrated in pigs. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic markers for tail length and to define candidate genes. To this end, 140 piglets were phenotyped and genotyped at 3 days of age and a genome-wide association study was performed. Seven SNPs were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 11, and 15. Two linked SNPs on chromosome 2 resulted in a functional amino acid exchange. The genotypes at the SNPs were only associated with small differences in relative tail length of up to 16.5% (short genotype versus long genotype at SSC15), but at the same time with the occurrence of malformations in the form of tail kinks. The small effect size and the association between tail length and tail kinks, together with the generally pure symptomatic effect on tail biting, argue against the applicability of selection for shorter tails in pigs.Item type: Item , Isoflurane vs. Propofol Sedation in Patients with Severe Stroke : A Clinical Proof-of-Concept-Study(2025) Worm, André; Claudi, Christian; Braun, Svea R.; Schenker, Marisa; Meyer, Anneke; Moeller, Leona; Simon, Ole J.; Timmermann, Lars; Mrochen, Anne; Diel, Norma J.; Juenemann, Martin; Huttner, Hagen B.; Schramm, PatrickBackground: Severe strokes often require deep sedation, yet the optimal sedation regimen remains unclear. This comparative study compared the efficacy of achieving target sedation depth using inhaled (isoflurane) versus intravenous (propofol) sedation. Methods: This prospective, observational, proof-of-concept study was conducted between July 2022 and June 2023 at two University Hospitals with dedicated neurological intensive care units. We included conservatively treated patients with severe space-occupying strokes (ischemic or haemorrhagic) requiring deep sedation. Patients received either inhaled or intravenous sedation. Sedation targets were defined in the morning rounds using the Richmond-Agitation-Sedation-Scale and were assessed at two subsequent time points (7 p.m. and 7 a.m.) during hospital stay. The primary outcome was the number of days where the predefined sedation target was achieved at both time points, comparing between the two sedation regimens. Secondary and safety outcomes included the incidence of delirium, pneumonia, functional outcomes, mortality, and vasopressor doses. Results: Seventy-nine patients (age 71 [63–81] years, 31 female) were included. Patients sedated with isoflurane achieved the sedation target significantly more often, with 182/444 (41%) compared to 80/497 (16%) assessments in patients sedated with propofol (RR 1.4; 95%-CI: 1.3–1.6). This effect was consistent across all sedation stages, specifically in the deep sedation targets (RR 1.5; 95%-CI: 1.2–1.9) and no-sedation target (RR 5.1; 95%-CI: 2.8–9.4). Secondary and safety outcomes revealed no significant differences. Conclusions: Isoflurane sedation offers a benefit for invasively ventilated stroke patients with respect to sedation targets. Specifically, isoflurane facilitates faster awakening when transitioning from deep sedation to awakening. These data encourage further confirmatory studies for specific stroke-patient groups.Item type: Item , Dobutamine, epinephrine, and milrinone accelerate particle transport velocity in murine tracheal epithelium via Ca2+ release from caffeine-sensitive internal stores(2025) Schmidt, Götz; Borchers, Frederic; Müller, Sabrina; Ali Akbari, Amir; Edinger, Fabian; Sander, Michael; Koch, Christian; Henrich, MichaelMucociliary clearance, the ability of the respiratory tract to protect the integrity of the airways through the mechanical removal of potentially harmful substances, is of enormous importance during intensive care treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of clinically relevant inotropic agents on mucociliary clearance. The particle transport velocity (PTV) of isolated murine tracheae was measured as a surrogate for mucociliary clearance in the presence of dobutamine, epinephrine, and milrinone. Inhibitory substances were applied to elucidate the signal transduction cascades and the value and origin of calcium ions which provoke alterations in mucociliary clearance function. Dobutamine, epinephrine, and milrinone increased the PTV in a dose-dependent manner with half maximal effective concentrations of 75.7 nM, 87.0 nM, and 13.7 µM, respectively. After the depletion of intracellular calcium stores, no increase in PTV was observed after administering any of the three inotropic agents. While dobutamine and epinephrine activated β-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine used both the phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathway to promote the release of intracellular Ca2+. However, dobutamine primarily acted on the PKA pathway, having only a minor influence on the PLC pathway. The induced changes in PTV following milrinone administration required both the PKA and PLC pathway, although the PKA pathway was responsible for most of the induced changes. In conclusion, the common inotropic agents dobutamine, epinephrine, and milrinone increase murine PTV in a concentration-dependent manner and ultimately release Ca2+ from intracellular calcium stores, suggesting the function of changes in mucociliary clearance in the respiratory tract.