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Eine biomechanische Analyse verschiedener Sehnenplastiken mit und ohne knotenlosem Nahtsystem zur Versorgung der Achillessehnenruptur
(2026) Bürger, Henry Valentin
Diese biomechanische Studie zeigt, dass eine Verbesserung der Gesamtstabilität erreicht werden kann, ohne zusätzliches Nahtmaterial einzubringen, und auf konventionelle Knoten verzichtet werden kann. Die Kombination von Z-Plastik und dem knotenlosem Nahtsystem „Stratafix“ zeigt sich biomechanisch besonders vorteilhaft in Hinblick auf maximale Kraft, Spannung und Dehnung. Diese Technik ist besonders für Sehnenplastiken relevant, die bei Erkrankungen wie dem kongenitalen Klumpfuß oder bei pathologischer Sehnenverlängerung als Komplikation nach einer Achillessehnenruptur zum Einsatz kommen. Die Technologie mit dem feinen Widerhaken entlang des Verlaufs der Naht ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Kraftverteilung und reduziert Druckpunkte um die Knoten. Außerdem glänzt die Naht durch eine einfache und schnelle Nahtführung, was besonders bei schlechtem Sehnengewebe oder chronischen Rupturen einen Vorteil darstellen kann. Die Umkippplastik nach Silfverskiöld zeigte mit der Stratafix-Naht vergleichbare Ergebnisse wie mit konventionellem PDS-Nahtmaterial, was für den breiten Einsatz dieser Nahttechnologie spricht. Die Technik sollte jedoch der Versorgung von Rupturen vorbehalten bleiben und nicht zur geplanten Verlängerung einer Sehne eingesetzt werden, da sich hier die Z-Plastik als biomechanisch stabiler erwies. Langfristig könnten diese Erkenntnisse die operative Versorgung von Achillessehnenrupturen und deren Komplikationen verändern. Die Reduktion des Nahtmaterials und der Operationszeit bei einer gleichbleibenden oder sogar erhöhten biomechanischen Stabilität bringt die Vorteile einer schnelleren Rehabilitation und geringerer Kosten. Ein Vorteil, der im modernen Gesundheitssystem nicht wichtiger sein könnte. Weitere biomechanische, tierexperimentelle und histologische Studien sind erforderlich, um die genaue Interaktion der Widerhaken mit dem Sehnengewebe zu untersuchen und auf weitere Nahttechniken anzuwenden. Klinische Studien könnten abschließend die funktionellen Ergebnisse einer Versorgung mit knotenlosen Nahtsystemen untersuchen und die Heilungsqualität bewerten.
Essays on Financial Integration, Inequality, and Geoeconomics
(2026) Yun, Jinyeong
In the first paper, I document empirical evidence indicating that an exogenous capital inflow shock increases income inequality in advanced economies and reduces income inequality in emerging market economies. To examine the effects of capital inflows on income inequality within countries, I estimate a panel structural vector autoregression model with annual data for 53 countries over the period 1990 to 2020. I identify the structural shocks in capital inflows using sign restrictions, thereby distinguishing the exogenous shocks driven by global financial conditions from other shocks. The findings of this paper indicate a remarkable difference in the results between advanced economies and emerging market economies, suggesting that the distributional effects of capital inflows vary depending on the economic conditions in the recipient countries. With respect to income class, a capital inflow shock is primarily associated with an increase in the income share of the high-income class in advanced economies and of the low-income class in emerging market economies. It is necessary for policymakers to pay attention to the distributional effects of capital inflows and to design tailored policy frameworks to address them. The second paper in the dissertation provides novel empirical evidence by examining the impact of financial integration on wage inequality using an unbalanced panel for 20 European countries from 1999 to 2021. Focusing on between-firm wage inequality within industries arising from firm heterogeneity, I find that financial integration (capital flows) increases wage inequality within industries. The effects are more pronounced in the medium term rather than in the short term. The paper then uncovers the underlying mechanism in the distributional effects of financial integration. I show that financial integration shocks widen the capital intensity (the capital-to-labor ratio) gap between firms within industries, which in turn widens the labor productivity gap. This channel allows highly productive, capital-intensive firms to increase wages to a greater extent than small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This proposed channel is further validated by showing that the adverse distributional effects of capital flows are more pronounced in industries with a higher degree of external financial dependence. Finally, while deeper domestic financial markets may play a mitigating role, this effect appears secondary to external financial dependence. Geopolitical risk is commonly associated with adverse outcomes in financial and commodity markets. The third paper shows that the projection of military power in response to geopolitical risk can generate positive financial market responses. We examine the effects of unexpected increases in the presence of the U.S. military in East Asia on asset prices and capital inflows in the region. To this end, we construct a novel index from local newspapers reporting on the presence of U.S. Carrier Strike Groups (CSG) and assess the causal effects of a surprise change in this index on financial markets. Our findings reveal that a higher military presence leads to an increase in stock prices, an appreciation of the local currency, and an inflow of foreign capital. We also document substantial heterogeneity in the effects across geopolitical contexts and U.S. administrations. Market responses are strongly positive when deployments of CSG pertain to North Korean provocations, but muted or even negative when related to tensions with China. Moreover, the expansionary effects disappear or change sign during the first Trump administration, suggesting that the market benefits are tied to overall U.S. strategic policy frameworks. Our findings underscore that the projection of U.S. military power can function as a stabilizing signal for local financial markets, but only under specific geopolitical and institutional conditions.
„Wow. Das sieht groß aus. Und ich bin Teil davon.“ Autoethnografisch-partizipative Forschung untersucht am Beispiel des Kunstprojektes „Über den Brillenrand“
(2026) Schmidt, Anna Julia
In dieser Doktorarbeit werden zwei wissenschaftliche Methoden – Autoethnografie und partizipative Forschung – sowie zwei theoretische Stränge – Organisationsforschung und Projektmanagement – unter ethischer Reflexion zusammengeführt sowie mit eigenen wissenschaftlich fundierten sowie kreativ-innovativen Ideen erweitert. Dadurch wird ein neuer Forschungsstil, die autoethnografisch-partizipative-Forschung (kurz: APF) entwickelt, dieser wird theoretisch dargelegt und praktisch anhand eines durchgeführten Kunstprojektes zu „Gewalt gegen Frauen“ exemplarisch angewendet. Durch diese Doktorarbeit können daher auf gesellschaftlicher und wissenschaftlicher Ebene zentrale Leistungen erbracht werden: Betroffene werden in ihrem Empowerment unterstützt und die Thematik Gewalt gegen Frauen erhält öffentliche Sichtbarkeit. Zudem werden Desiderate im Forschungsbereich „Gewalt gegen Frauen“ behoben und ein Forschungsansatz entwickelt, der auf vielfältige prospektive Forschungsvorhaben adaptiert werden kann.
Auf dem Weg – Die Sondersammlungen der Universitätsbibliothek ziehen um
(2026) Schneider, Olaf
The potential of local sediments to improve barley yield by increasing phosphorus availability and decrease aluminium toxicity in Kenya
(2025) Scherwietes, Eric
Ferralsols are among the most widespread soil types in East Africa and are intensively used for agriculture. However, their strong weathering, low pH, aluminium (Al) toxicity, and phosphorus (P) fixation severely limit crop productivity. These constraints are commonly addressed through the application of mineral fertilisers, which are costly and may further increase soil acidification over time. This thesis investigates the potential of locally available volcanically influenced sediments from the Kenyan Rift Valley as a more sustainable soil amendment for Ferralsols from a biogeochemical perspective. Due to their relatively high pH, silicon (Si) content, and enrichment with nutrients such as P, these sediments may reduce Al toxicity, improve P availability, and enhance crop yields. Two sediments from Baringo and Nakuru were tested in field and laboratory experiments using a Ferralsol in Eldoret, western Kenya. In the first field experiment, the sediments were applied at two rates (1 vol.% and 3 vol.%) to a Ferralsol and compared to an untreated control (Chapter 2). Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., ‚Hessekwa‘) was sown on all plots after sediment incorporation. The 3% Baringo treatment showed particularly strong effects: Soil pH increased from 4.7 to 7.0, P availability increased, and Al availability decreased significantly. This resulted in a yield increase of 1061%. Other treatments showed only moderate or no improvements. These results suggest that volcanically influenced sediments may be a promising, locally available, and natural option for improving the fertility of acidic soils, although effectiveness strongly depends on the specific sediment and application rate. Since the underlying mechanisms could not be clearly distinguished in the first experiment, a second field experiment was conducted on the same experimental site the following year (Chapter 3). The effects of the sediments were compared to two globally established soil improvement methods: liming and straw return. New plots were established with liming, and half of each plot was amended with straw. Again, the 3% Baringo treatment resulted in a significant increase in soil pH, P availability, and yield, while liming showed similar but slightly lower effects. The untreated control produced no grain. These findings indicate that pH increase is a driving factor for the observed yield improvements. However, unlike liming, the 3% Baringo treatment also significantly increased Si availability, which may explain its better performance. Neither in the other treatments (Baringo 1%, Nakuru 1%, and 3%) nor in the straw addition treatments were positive changes in nutrient availability or yields observed. To better understand the effects of sediment additions on the mobilisation of Si, Al, P, and iron (Fe) in Ferralsol, three laboratory incubation experiments were conducted, using soil slurries from the Kenyan field site (Chapter 4). The incubations were carried out as follows: (i) sediment addition at two concentrations (1 wt.% and 5 wt.%) over 28 days; (ii) an additional treatment with 1 wt.% lime over 61 days; (iii) sediment and straw addition under anoxic conditions over 80 days. The results showed that both sediments and lime resulted in only short-term increases in P concentrations in the soil solution. It is assumed that the released P was quickly re-adsorbed or precipitated with other elements. Nevertheless, a long-term reduction in available Al concentrations was observed in all Baringo sediment and lime treatments. The third incubation experiment clearly demonstrated the strong influence of Fe minerals on P fixation in Ferralsol. Through the reductive dissolution of Fe(III) phases, P concentrations in the soil solution increased tenfold, independently of sediment addition. The results of this thesis demonstrate that the use of local sediments, can have a high potential for more sustainable agriculture on acidic soils in Kenya.