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Item type: Item , The role of agri-food related initiatives in sustainability transitions of agri-food systems(2025) Elsner, FriederikeAgri-food systems both contribute to global environmental change and are simultaneously affected by its consequences. Thereby, human activity and interactions shape desired and undesired agri-food systems’ properties. The undesired properties of current agri-food systems result in environmental, social and economic costs. Sustainability transitions of such systems are influenced by changes in social relations and deeper structural mechanisms. Individuals and groups of individuals or initiatives engage in activities, taking actions for agri-food system change. The ways these initiatives engage in change reveal systems’ malfunctions and provide insights into potential solutions and strategically relevant entry points for fostering engagement. Moreover, the ways these initiatives engage in change offer insights into tensions, goal conflicts, collaborations and resource conditions under which the initiatives operate. Existing agri-food literature on initiatives often portrays these initiatives as bottom-up driven actors within the niche. However, as agri-food system sustainability transitions are ongoing transition processes and some global or supra-national agreements to sustainable development are set in place, it is worth questioning whether all transformative activities indeed remain confined to the niche level. Drawing on transition theory, this research elaborates on the functions of agri-food related initiatives (AFIs) and the activities they perform to realise their goals as well as the influencing factors in this endeavour. Thereby, this research builds on transformative social innovation and intermediary conceptualisations and elaborates on the necessary adaptations for agri-food system analysis. The multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions (MLP) is used to structure the analysis of the activities taking place, the functions that are being fulfilled and the influencing factors being faced. A systematic review of 58 articles on the use of MLP in agri-food system sustainability transition research paves the way for this research’ empirical investigations. The empirical analysis relies on 22 semi-structured interview transcripts conducted with 17 AFIs engaged in making their local food system more sustainable from five territorial cases in Europe (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland) and Northern Africa (Morocco) and on survey data of Food Policy Groups (FPGs) (n = 260), as one specific group of AFIs, across United States, middle Europe (mainly Germany) and Australia. Data is analysed using a mixed-methods approach, applying qualitative coding and statistical measures. The results show that AFIs aim to contribute to bring about change by proposing mainly agri-food related social innovations and by intermediating in the context of changing practices and social relations. Thereby, their role is influenced by drivers and barriers but not so much by their relationship to government or their type of organisation (in particular for FPGs as AFIs). A cluster is derived structuring the socially innovative activities according to social interaction processes and agri-food fields. This cluster may inspire policymakers to foster enabling environments for AFIs and support informed decision making on the types of social innovations that future agri-food systems should incorporate. The analysis of the intermediary functions shows that AFIs (here especially FPGs) intermediate between actors at the interface of civil society, science, policy and practice and assume their role through nine intermediary functions. Whether the identified niche and intermediary functions and activities are sufficient for the social innovations to diffuse remains an open question within the scope of this thesis. However, the functions and activities can be compared to those functions that the literature suggests as essential for the diffusion of technological innovation systems. Based on this comparison, the necessary functions for agri-food related social innovation systems are derived which partly deviate from the functions of technological innovation systems. Future research could take this up and develop a conceptualisation on the functions necessary for the diffusion of social innovation systems, currently lacking in the literature. The AFIs operate in interaction with other system elements, which are perceived as either enabling or constraining to their activities. The drivers AFIs face seem to be more about social relations and people whereas the barriers tend to be more of a structural or processual nature, implying that a general societal acceptance of AFIs’ activities and functions seems to be present, facilitating and justifying structural changes. The analysis of challenges suggests that support mechanisms, especially funding schemes, should be tailored to the development of social innovations and funding should not only be granted to innovation development but also to their (long-term) implementation. The results indicate that role constellations within AFIs seem to matter when it comes to the actions an AFI focuses on, which could be further pursued in future research.Item type: Item , Sustainable livestock systems in Ethiopia: Assessment of the status quo and options for improvement with a focus on animal welfare, market systems, gender roles and human-wildlife conflict management(2026-01) Sahile, Dagmawit GirefThis study brings together three strands of research to provide a holistic understanding of animal welfare challenges and opportunities in Ethiopia, focusing on farmers' willingness to engage in welfare initiatives, market-level welfare conditions, and traditional methods for managing human-wildlife conflict. Together, these findings offer critical insights for policy and program development aimed at improving both animal well-being and rural livelihoods. The first chapter explores farmers’ preferences and willingness to participate in voluntary animal welfare schemes using mixed logit models in preference and willingness to pay space to assess the relative importance of different attributes of animal welfare schemes on farm households’ participation. Results show that financial incentives are the most significant factor influencing participation. Farmers indicated a need for compensation equivalent to 11% of their annual livestock sales to participate in welfare programs. More demanding welfare improvements such as optimal welfare standards or improved training required significantly higher compensation, up to 25–26% of livestock sales per year. These findings underline the importance of aligning welfare improvements with tangible economic benefits to ensure farmer engagement. Policy recommendations include the development of flexible, farmer-oriented schemes that combine financial incentives with accessible training and community-based approaches. The second chapter assesses the state of animal welfare in three livestock markets: Addis Ababa (terminal), Adama (secondary), and Meki (local). The analysis reveals substantial variation in infrastructure and animal handling practices. While the terminal market offers relatively humane conditions and access to basic amenities such as water and shelter, the local and secondary markets lack such facilities and are characterized by poor handling practices, including forceful movement and lack of rest. These conditions contribute to animal stress and injury, undermining both welfare and market efficiency. Additionally, the study highlights gender inequalities in market participation, with women facing systemic barriers. To address these challenges, the study recommends investment in welfare-supportive infrastructure, implementation of enforceable national welfare standards, comprehensive training for handlers, and policies that actively promote gender inclusion. The third chapter focuses on human-wildlife conflict around Nech Sar National Park, analyzing the economic and social impact of livestock predation and crop damage. Households within 16 kilometers of the park suffer average annual losses of $76.78, which is approximately 77% of their annual income, due to wildlife incursions. While traditional guarding practices are widely used, most respondents viewed them as ineffective unless rigorously applied. Gender differences were also evident: male-headed households experienced greater cattle losses, while female-headed households were more affected by poultry predation which reflects differences between genders in species kept. The findings emphasize the need for a combination of modern and traditional strategies, including expanded buffer zones, improved fencing, gender-sensitive planning, and community engagement to reduce conflict and protect livelihoods. Taken together, these three studies provide a comprehensive picture of the multifaceted issues affecting animal welfare and rural livelihoods in Ethiopia. They underscore the importance of integrating financial incentives, infrastructure investment, gender equity, and local knowledge into national policy. By addressing the economic factors of farmers, improving market conditions, and supporting community-based conservation, Ethiopia can move toward more sustainable and inclusive animal welfare systems.Item type: Item , Schusstodesfälle aus dem Einzugsgebiet des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin Gießen: eine retrospektive Analyse der Jahre 2009 bis 2018(2024) Wolf, Paula MarieDie Untersuchung und Beurteilung von Schusstodesfällen stellt einen kleinen, aber be-deutsamen Anteil an der rechtsmedizinischen Arbeit dar, wobei eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zur umfänglichen Aufarbeitung der Hintergründe erforderlich wird. Vergangene Studien zeigten regionale Unterschiede in Häufigkeiten und Arten von Schusstodesfällen. Unsere retrospektive Auswertung der im Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2018 am Institut für Rechtsmedizin Gießen durchgeführten 5400 Sektionen und Leichenschauen ergab 111 Todesfälle in Zusammenhang mit einem Schusswaffengebrauch. Es erfolgte eine weitere Analyse der allgemeinen Daten, demografischen Merkmale der Verstorbenen, Schussverletzungen, Todesumständen und -orten, verwendeten Waffen, weiterführenden Untersuchungen und etwaigen Tätern und Tathintergründen. Die 111 Schusstodesfälle entfielen auf etwa 24 % Homizide, 75 % Suizide sowie knapp 1 % Unfallgeschehen. Etwa 87 % der Schusstoten waren männlichen, etwa drei Viertel der Verstorbenen waren älter als 50 Jahre. Der häufigste Fundort war sowohl bei Homiziden als auch bei Suiziden das häusliche Umfeld. Das Vorliegen nur einer singulären Schussverletzung war führend, mehr als drei Schussverletzungen fanden sich nur in der Gruppe der Homizide. Die maximale Schussanzahl lag hier bei 17 Schussverletzungen. Langwaffen waren bei Viertel der Fälle zu finden, innerhalb der Homizide nur in 18 %. Die Kurzwaffen überwogen hier deutlich mit 71 %. Eine Beurteilung des Legalitätsstatus der Waffe war in etwa zwei Drittel aller Fälle möglich. Weiterführende Untersuchungen, wie eine postmortale Bildgebung oder forensisch- toxikologische Untersuchungen fanden in ausgewählten Fällen statt. Ein Vergleich mit Datenerhebungen aus rechtsmedizinischen Instituten in Deutschland und anderen Ländern zeigte überwiegend Gemeinsamkeiten hinsichtlich Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der Verstorbenen. Unterschiede zeigten sich beispielsweise bei der Art der verwendeten Waffe oder auch bei den Einschusslokalisationen. Besondere Fälle in unserem Kollektiv, wie etwa Tötungen mit nachfolgender Selbsttötung oder kombinierte Suizide, zeigten die Notwendigkeit einer sorgfältigen, interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit zur Beurteilungen und Einordnung der Taten und Hürden dieser auf. Es fiel zudem eine bemerkenswerte Diskrepanz zwischen der Anzahl hessenweit rechtsmedizinisch untersuchter Schusstodesfälle und der in der Todesursachenstatistik für den gleichen Zeitraum aufgeführten Fälle auf, die Fragen zum Procedere beim Umgang mit Schusstodesfällen aufwirft.Item type: Item , Item type: Item , Die JLU auf Europa-Tour mit dem eigenen Exkursionsbus(2025) Hendel, Joachim