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Item type: Item , Nirenberg problem on high dimensional spheres : blow up with residual mass phenomenon(2025) Ahmedou, Mohameden; Ben Ayed, Mohamed; El Mehdi, KhalilIn this paper, we extend the analysis of the subcritical approximation of the Nirenberg problem on spheres recently conducted in Malchiodi and Mayer(J Differ Equ 268(5):2089–2124, 2020; Int Math Res Not 18:14123–14203, 2021). Specifically, we delve into the scenario where the sequence of blowing up solutions exhibits a non-zero weak limit, which necessarily constitutes a solution of the Nirenberg problem itself. Our focus lies in providing a comprehensive description of such blowing up solutions, including precise determinations of blow-up points and blow-up rates. Additionally, we compute the topological contribution of these solutions to the difference in topology between the level sets of the associated Euler-Lagrange functional. Such an analysis is intricate due to the potential degeneracy of the solutions involved. We also provide a partial converse, wherein we construct blowing up solutions when the weak limit is non-degenerate.Item type: Item , Transforming the feeding regime towards low-input increases the environmental impact of organic milk production on a case study farm in central germany(2025) Eisert, Johannes; Sahraei, Amir; Knob, Deise Aline; Lambertz, Christian; Zollitsch, Werner; Hörtenhuber, Stefan; Kral, Iris; Breuer, Lutz; Gattinger, AndreasPurpose: Despite the direct effect of the feeding regime on the environmental impacts of dairy farming systems, its level of intensity, particularly in organic systems, has rarely been investigated. This study compares the environmental impact of a high-input feeding regime with a grassland-based, low-input feeding regime scenario within an organic milk production system conducted on Gladbacherhof, the research farm of Justus Liebig University Giessen, in Central Germany. Methods: An integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was performed from a cradle-to-farm gate perspective to quantify five environmental impacts, namely Global Warming (GW), Non-Renewable Energy Use (NREU), Land Use (LU), Terrestrial Acidification (TA), and Freshwater Eutrophication (FE). All agronomic data of the Gladbacherhof research farm, averaged over the years 2010–2017, were included. When not directly measured on the farm, ecoinvent data were included. Results and discussion: Contrary to our hypothesis, the results suggest that a grassland-based low-input system has a higher environmental impact as compared to a high-input system for each of the five impact categories when using fat and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) as the functional unit. A 50% reduction in concentrates and exclusion of maize silage from the feed ration in the modelled low-input production system lead to a 20% drop in milk yield. To balance the energy content in low-input feeding ration, longer grazing period and higher amount of hay, alfalfa, and grass silage are required. This in turn results in higher emissions from enteric fermentation, manure management, and feed production and hence in higher environmental impact, particularly for GW, TA, and FE. Conclusions: This study is one of the few that directly explores the environmental impact of feeding intensity in an organic milk production system. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on consolidated emission factors for several greenhouse gas (GHG) sources in organic livestock and cropping systems to perform more robust carbon footprint calculations that comply with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 3 GHG reporting guidelines. To generalize the results at the regional or national scale, direct comparisons with a larger number of organic farms representative of high-input and low-input intensities are still essential.Item type: Item , FIGO - GCH joint consensus statement on the current status and recommendations for the use of blind intrauterine procedures in the evaluation and management of women with suspected intrauterine pathologies(2025) Villegas-Echeverri, Juan Diego; Pope, Rachel; Robert, Magali; Meinhold-Heerlein, Ivo; Haimovich, Sergio; Carugno, José; Pacheco, Luis A.; Sardo, Attilio Di SpiezioHistorically, blind intrauterine procedures such as dilation and curettage (D&C) and blind endometrial biopsies have been the primary approach for diagnosing and managing intrauterine pathologies. However, these techniques lack direct visualization, leading to diagnostic limitations, incomplete treatment, and increased complication rates. Despite substantial advances in hysteroscopic technology, including high-definition imaging and minimally invasive instruments, blind procedures remain widely used. This paper examines the limitations of blind intrauterine procedures, underscoring the advantages of hysteroscopy, which provides real-time visualization and allows for more accurate, targeted interventions. With the adoption of the “See and Treat” philosophy, hysteroscopy enables nearly 90% of procedures to be performed in an office setting, enhancing both patient convenience and outcomes. FIGO and GCH advocate for the gradual replacement of blind procedures with hysteroscopic approaches whenever feasible, noting that hysteroscopy improves diagnostic accuracy, reduces risks, and minimizes the need for repeat interventions. Recommendations include expanding access to hysteroscopy through targeted training, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where financial and logistical barriers limit access to advanced gynecological care. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care, encouraging transparent counseling to support informed decision-making.Item type: Item , Use of a new aiming compression device and technique for the repair of navicular bone fractures in horses: A cadaveric study(2025) Pudert, Tanja; Fries, Giuletta Felicia; Lotz, Hannah; Röcken, Michael; Cruz, Antonio M.Objective: To assess the use of a newly developed aiming compression device (ACD) for screw insertion in non-fractured navicular bones (NB) in cadavers. Study design: Cadaveric study. Sample Population: A total of 10 cadaveric front limbs of adult horses. Methods: Placement of a 3.5 mm cortical screw in non-fractured NB under radiographic guidance was performed in 10 cadaver limbs in a standing position. An ACD was used to stabilize the NB and to guide the drilling process. Preparation and surgical time as well as the number of radiographic images were noted. A postoperative scoring system was used to assess screw placement by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and gross examination by two evaluators. Results: The total procedure time was 25–62 min (median 33.5). During the procedure, 11–21 radiographs (median 18.5) were taken. The postoperative gross examination revealed an excellent screw placement in nine NB and poor in one. This could not be reliably assessed with post-procedure CBCT. Conclusion: The described technique achieves an excellent screw placement in 9/10 bones without disrupting the articular or flexural surface of the NB and with no protrusion of the screw head or tip, in a median procedure time of under 35 min. Clinical significance: Adequate screw placement is paramount for NB fracture repair. The described approach under radiographic guidance allows adequate screw placement using the ACD to stabilize the NB by lateral to medial compression. This technique facilitates adequate screw placement within the NB without the use of advanced imaging techniques.Item type: Item , Anti-inflammatory and remyelinating effects of fexagratinib in experimental multiple sclerosis(2025) Gurski, Fynn; Shirvanchi, Kian; Rajendran, Vinothkumar; Rajendran, Ranjithkumar; Megalofonou, Fevronia-Foivi; Böttiger, Gregor; Stadelmann, Christine; Bhushan, Sudhanshu; Ergün, Süleyman; Karnati, Srikanth; Berghoff, MartinBackground and Purpose: FGF, VEGFR-2 and CSF1R signalling pathways play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Selective inhibition of FGFR by infigratinib in MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) prevented severe first clinical episodes by 40%; inflammation and neurodegeneration were reduced, and remyelination was enhanced. Multi-kinase inhibition of FGFR1-3, CSFR and VEGFR-2 by fexagratinib (formerly known as AZD4547) may be more efficient in reducing inflammation, neurodegeneration and regeneration in the disease model. Experimental Approach: Female C57BL/6J mice were treated with fexagratinib (6.25 or 12.5 mg·kg−1) orally or placebo over 10 days either from time of EAE induction (prevention experiment) or onset of symptoms (suppression experiment). Effects on inflammation, neurodegeneration and remyelination were assessed at the peak of the disease (Day 18/20 post immunization) and the chronic phase of EAE (Day 41/42). Key Results: In the prevention experiment, treatment with 6.25 or 12.5 mg·kg−1 fexagratinib prevented severe first clinical episodes by 66.7% or 84.6% respectively. Mice treated with 12.5 mg·kg−1 fexagratinib hardly showed any symptoms in the chronic phase of EAE. In the suppression experiment, fexagratinib resulted in a long-lasting reduction of severe symptoms by 91 or 100%. Inflammation and demyelination were reduced, and axonal density, numbers of oligodendrocytes and their precursor cells, and remyelinated axons were increased by both experimental approaches. Conclusion and Implications: Multi-kinase inhibition by fexagratinib in a well-tolerated dose of 1 mg·kg−1 in humans may be a promising approach to reduce inflammation and neurodegeneration, to slow down disease progression and support remyelination in patients.