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Obraz dyskursu narodowo-kulturowego luteranów w II Rzeczypospolitej: na podstawie prasy Kościoła Ewangelicko-Augsburskiego
(2026) Guschlbauer, Magdalena
Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf einer umfangreichen Recherche deutsch- und polnischsprachiger Zeitschriften. Der Hauptteil enthält eine Analyse von 36 ausgewählten Artikeln aus führenden evangelischen Zeitschriften, die in Warschau, Teschener Schlesien und Lodz in polnischer und deutscher Sprache veröffentlicht wurden. Diese Texte zeigen die divergierenden Wahrnehmungen der lutherischen Kultur zwischen den verschiedenen Parteien der Evangelisch-Augsburgischen Kirche: vor allem zwischen denen, welche die Polonisierung der religiösen Kultur der Kirche befürworteten, und denen, die auf ihren traditionell deutschen Charakter bestanden. Aufgrund des Fehlens eindeutiger theologischer Hinweise in dieser Hinsicht hatte der kulturelle Diskurs in der Presse einen axiologischen Charakter. Die Arbeit besteht aus drei Teilen. Der einleitende Teil enthält methodische Hinweise und einen Abriss zur Geschichte und Theologie der Evangelisch-Augsburgischen Kirche. Die Analyse der in Teil II enthaltenen Texte bringt Argumente der verschiedenen Parteien zutage. Sie zeigen unterschiedliche Interpretationen historischer Phänomene und Figuren und sogar Fragmente der Bibel, die in der Debatte über den nationalen Charakter der Kirche instrumentalisiert wurden. Die Argumente für die Polonisierung waren unter anderem die Tradition der Unterordnung der Kirche unter weltliche Autorität und der Wunsch nach einem friedlichen Zusammenleben mit der polnischen Gesellschaft. Die Wiedergeburt Polens wird als ein Werk der Vorsehung und des Willens Gottes beschrieben. Die Texte in polnischsprachigen Zeitschriften konzentrierten sich auch auf die Konstruktion optimistischer Zukunftsvisionen und bezeichneten die Geschichte des 16. Jahrhunderts oft als das goldene Zeitalter der polnischen Reformation und betonten, dass sich das wiedergeborene Polen auf diese pluralistischen Traditionen berufen sollte. Dadurch sollte der polnische Protestantismus einen größeren Einfluss auf die Kultur und Mentalität der Nation haben. Für Anhänger des Deutschtums war die Fortführung der Tradition ihrer Vorfahren in einer bestimmten Sprache von großem Wert. Die Bewahrung des Erbes in unveränderter Form, der Stolz auf kulturelle Errungenschaften und schließlich die Sehnsucht nach einem gewissen lutherischen Universalismus mittels deutscher Sprache – das waren Visionen, die das Engagement zur Stärkung des deutschen Elements in der Kirche motivierten. Für sie war Martin Luther nicht nur ein Theologe und Reformator, sondern auch ein Nationalheld. Für Anhänger des Polentums hingegen war er ein Dissident, der den Mut hatte, neue kulturelle Wege zu beschreiten. Solche neuen Muster zwischen den polnisch-katholischen und deutsch-protestantischen Kulturmonolithen in Polen wurden von einer Gruppe polnisch-evangelischer Pastoren propagiert, die oft deutsche Vorfahren hatten, aber davon überzeugt waren, dass eine wahre christliche Haltung die Aufnahme der Kultur und Sprache der Umwelt erforderte, um in der Gesellschaft das Potenzial der Nächstenliebe voll entfalten zu können – diese und weitere Schlussfolgerungen befinden sich im zusammenfassenden Teil III.
The ICH score combined with the CRP\/albumin ratio as an improved early prognostic tool for in-hospital mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
(2026) Haferkorn, K.; Bender, M.; Uhl, E.; Stein, M.
Introduction: The ICH score is a widely used tool for predicting mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) patients, but its accuracy for early in-hospital prognosis remains limited. Recently, the C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio has been identified as a potential biomarker associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM) in sICH patients. Research question: This study aimed to investigate whether combining the established ICH score with the CRP/albumin ratio at admission improves the prediction of IHM in sICH patients. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted including 379 patients with sICH treated in an intensive care unit between 02/2008 and 12/2017. Based on previous findings identifying a CRP/albumin ratio >1.22 as an independent predictor of IHM, the ICH score was modified by adding one point when this threshold was exceeded. Prognostic performance of the original ICH score and the modified ICH (mICH) score was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in the entire cohort and in subgroups of patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8 and intraventricular hemorrhage. Results: The mICH score demonstrated improved prognostic performance compared with the original ICH score in the overall cohort (AUC 0.776 vs. 0.761). In patients with severe neurological impairment (GCS ≤8), the predictive accuracy increased from an AUC of 0.672 to 0.719. Similarly, in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage, the AUC improved from 0.747 to 0.774. The modified score showed higher sensitivity and improved Youden index values across analyses. Discussion and conclusion: Incorporating the CRP/albumin ratio into the original ICH score was associated with modestly improved discrimination for in-hospital mortality, with more pronounced gains in patients presenting with GCS ≤8 or intraventricular hemorrhage.
Urine-based point-of-care detection of direct oral anticoagulant activity in acute stroke : accuracy at anti-Xa thresholds relevant for intravenous thrombolysis
(2026) Gerner, Stefan T.; Braemer, Alina; Juenemann, Martin B.; Mrochen, Anne; Braun, Tobias; Olbricht, Linus; Diel, Norma J.; Sachs, Ulrich J.; Huttner, Hagen B.; Alhaj Omar, Omar
Background: Rapid assessment of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) activity is essential in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), particularly because intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) may be considered at anti-Xa levels ≤ 100 ng/mL. Laboratory drug-specific assays; however, are often limited by availability and turnaround time. A urine-based point-of-care (POC) test may provide a rapid alternative. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a urine-based POC dipstick for detecting clinically relevant DOAC activity at (1) the established screening threshold (≥30 ng/mL) and (2) the IVT-relevant threshold (≥100 ng/mL), using calibrated plasma DOAC levels as a reference standard. Methods: In this prospective diagnostic accuracy study (UPTURN trial), consecutive AIS patients underwent urine-based POC testing. Dipstick results, recorded as visual and automatic readouts, were analyzed against plasma DOAC activity. Relevant anticoagulant activity was defined as anti-Xa ≥30 ng/mL; the IVT eligibility threshold was defined as anti-Xa <100 ng/mL. Factor Xa inhibitors were quantified using drug-specific chromogenic anti-Xa assays; dabigatran activity was measured using Biophen DTI. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were calculated with exact 95% CIs. Time-to-result was compared between POC testing and plasma assays. Results: Among 101 AIS patients (55 with DOAC intake), the urine-based dipstick test reliably identified relevant anticoagulatory activity (anti-Xa ≥30 ng/mL) with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.3% (automated readout). Visual interpretation yielded similar accuracy. For higher anti-Xa levels (≥100 ng/mL), sensitivity remained 100%, though specificity decreased (74.4%). A double-positive visual result increased specificity to 92.8% at 84.4% sensitivity. Median time to result was 19 minutes for urine testing versus 144 minutes for blood-based assays. Test performance was consistent across DOAC agents, dosages, and intake timing. Visual grading enabled semiquantitative discrimination of DOAC levels. Conclusion: Urine-based DOAC dipstick testing is a rapid, accurate, and reliable method for detecting anticoagulatory activity in AIS patients, providing a valuable tool to guide acute therapeutic decisions. Future studies are warranted to validate its clinical impact and broader applicability, especially in the emergency setting.
Computational and experimental engineering of a Pleurotus citrinopileatus lipases : structural insights and functional optimization to adapt the hydrolytic profile for cheese applications
(2026) Henrich, Lea; Broel, Niklas; Schüler, Jonathan; Lang, Marius; Li, Binglin; Gand, Martin
Mutants of a golden oyster mushroom lipase (Pleurotus citrinopileatus; PCI_Lip), were engineered to enhance hydrolysis profiles for cheese production. Key residues affecting activity were identified by SMME (Structure model based on AlphaFold3 prediction, followed by Molecular docking, Molecular dynamics, and Experimental validation) in three rounds of mutagenesis. Double mutants S163M + L302G and L302G + L305A showed significant improvements in photometric assays. The pNPH/pNPP ratios of 11.6 ± 1.1 and 10.4 ± 1.1 of both mutants, respectively, were improved compared to the wild type's 0.4 ± 0.1. Cheese made with S163M + L302G had a taste similar to the one prepared with a commercial enzyme in a descriptive testing, and both mutants demonstrated enhanced catalytic efficiency for short- to medium-chain fatty acids. These findings could be further confirmed by SPME-GC–MS analysis of the cheese samples. A structurally similar lipase from Phlebia centrifuga was investigated due to structural similarity with RMSD of 0.444 Å. The comparison of both lipases highlighted the key role of the lid domain in substrate specificity and affinity. This work advances the understanding of fungal lipases and their potential in food biotechnology.
800 million years of co-evolution in the green plant lineage : the case of LEUNIG and SEUSS transcriptional co-regulators
(2026) Garrecht, Julian; Rössner, Clemens; Sreechakram, Vishnu Narayanan Suma; Li, Qiwei; Braun, Sigurd; Golz, John F; Becker, Annette
The evolution of land plants has involved significant restructuring and expansion of gene networks responsible for developmental processes, leading to the emergence of new gene expression and protein interaction patterns. The LEUNIG (LUG) and SEUSS (SEU) families of transcriptional co-regulators play crucial roles in angiosperm sexual reproduction, and in developmental and environmental response pathways. These proteins often function together in widely pleiotropic actions and are central members of larger transcription-regulating complexes, interacting with various proteins, such as floral homeotic MADS-box transcription factors. However, the origins and evolution of interaction networks of these gene families remain poorly understood. To systematically address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis integrating phylogeny reconstruction, protein domain analysis, and protein interaction studies across a broad range of streptophyte algae and land plants. Our findings demonstrate that the LUG and SEU genes have existed for at least 800 million years, with specific domains remaining nearly invariant. Protein interaction analyses reveal that LUG- and SEU-like proteins physically interact in streptophyte algae and across all land plant lineages. Notably, the origin of their interactions with MADS-box proteins also dates to at least the streptophyte algae, highlighting the ancient and conserved roles of LUG and SEU proteins as essential components of transcriptional regulation and hubs for protein interactions. Our analysis reveals insights into the ancient origins and conserved roles of LUG and SEU family members in transcriptional regulation in algal and land plant lineages.