Welcome to JLUpub

Communities in JLUpub

Select a community to browse its collections.

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

JLUdata
Forschungsdatenrepositorium
JLUdocs
Schriftenrepositorium

Recent Submissions

Up to date evidence about the suitability of filamentous fungi as a feed source for broilers
(2025) Ringseis, Robert; Eder, Klaus
Immunological biomarkers and molecular signatures in healthy aging: early dynamics of subclinical atherosclerosis in a homogeneous elderly cohort
(2025) Weyh, Christopher; Bauer, Pascal; Größer, Vincent Walter; Zhupani, Danja; Cemic, Franz; Huber, Magdalena; Raifer, Hartmann; Mahnke, Marius; Frech, Torsten; Böttrich, Tim; Gebhardt, Kristina; Nolte, Svenja; Reichel, Thomas; Sommer, Natascha; Ringseis, Robert; Eder, Klaus; Krüger, Karsten
Background: The study aimed to investigate early immunological and molecular changes in a homogeneous group of healthy older individuals, initially screened to categorize them into groups with or without subclinical carotid artery plaque. Subsequently, immunological and molecular signatures, vascular health parameters, and lifestyle factors were assessed, and a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify biomarkers for predicting subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: The present study was performed in 79 healthy participants (male: n = 50; age = 63.6 ± 3.7 years; body mass index = 24.9 ± 3.1 kg/m²; mean ± SD). Participants were categorized according to subclinical atherosclerotic plaque (SAP) status by ultrasound of the carotids. This was followed by a comprehensive analysis using T-cell phenotyping, serum protein signature and gene expression analysis, vascular assessment, analysis of physical activity and capacity as well as food intake. Results: Percentage of CD4⁺-naïve T-cells are the variable with the strongest negative association with the plaque group. Among the top 10 variables, CD4−CD8− lymphocytes are also negatively associated with SAP. In contrast, CD8+ CM T-cells were found positively associated with SAP. LaminB1, tumor protein 53 and systolic blood pressure, central systolic blood pressure, vascular age, osteopontin, and CD4⁺ CM T-cells were also positively associated with SAP. Conclusion: Despite a rather homogeneous cohort of elderly participants with high cardiorespiratory fitness, we have associated various cellular and molecular signatures with the presence of SAP. Significant associations with SAP were shown by known markers of immunosenescence. These results underline the relevance of immunological biomarkers in the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Influence of Pleurotus sapidus fruiting bodies on the performance, cecal microbiome, and gene expression in the liver and breast muscle of broilers
(2025) Schäfer, Lea; Grundmann, Sarah M.; Hepp, Verena; Herrero-Encinas, Javier; Rühl, Martin; Most, Erika; Ringseis, Robert; Eder, Klaus
Mushrooms, the fruiting bodies of edible fungi, are widely used as food for humans. However, their potential, as well as that of fungal mycelia, as feed components for poultry is less acknowledged. Recent studies have shown that feeding the vegetative mycelium of Pleurotus sapidus does not affect growth performance or nutrient digestibility and causes only minimal changes in the cecal microbiota structure, liver transcriptome, and Plasma metabolome of broilers. The present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of feeding the fruiting bodies of P. sapidus on performance metrics, ileal nutrient digestibility, cecal microbiota composition, cecal integrity, liver transcriptome, and the expression of genes involved in protein turnover in breast muscle of broilers. A total of 72 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to three groups and fed three distinct diets containing either 0 g (PSA-F0), 25 g (PSA-F25), or 50 g (PSA-F50) of freeze-dried P. sapidus fruiting bodies per kg diet in a 35-day, three-phase feeding regimen. Final body weights and weight gain during the finisher and the whole period were significantly lower in groups PSA-F50 and PSA-F25 compared to group PSA-F0 (P < 0.05). Feed intake during the finisher and the whole period tended to be lower in groups PSA-F50 and PSA-F25 compared to group PSA-F0 (P < 0.1). Average daily apparently digested amounts of most indispensable amino acids were lower in group PSA-F50 than in group PSA-F0 (P < 0.05). Cecal microbial α-diversity indicators (Chao1 and Richness) were significantly higher in the PSA-F50 group compared to the PSA-F0 group (P < 0.05), whereas β-diversity indicators were similar between groups. Taxonomic analysis showed a higher abundance of the class Bacilli and the species unknown_Erysipelatoclostridium and a lower abundance of the class Clostridia in the PSA-F50 group compared to the PSA-F0 group (P < 0.05). Concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids, including acetic acid and propionic acid, in the cecal digesta were lower in the PSA-F50 group compared to the PSA-F0 group (P < 0.05). A total of 66 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in the liver between PSA-F50 and PSA-F0 groups based on filter criteria (FC > 1.3 or FC < -1.3, P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of genes involved in critical pathways such as protein synthesis and degradation—including the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, myogenesis, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and GCN2/eIF2α pathway—did not vary across the groups. Plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration was similar across all groups. The mRNA levels of CLDN3, MUC2, and MUC5AC were elevated in the PSA-F50 group compared to the PSA-F0 group (P < 0.05), while mRNA levels of CLDN5, OCLN, MUC13, and several pro-inflammatory genes in cecal mucosa remained unchanged across groups. The observed impairment in growth performance suggests that P. sapidus fruiting bodies cannot be recommended as dietary components for broilers at the tested doses. Considering the higher β-glucan content of fruiting bodies compared to vegetative mycelia, the negative effects observed on broiler performance may be associated with their β-glucan content.
Effects of stress of the endoplasmic reticulum on genome-wide gene expression in the bovine liver cell model BFH12
(2025) Bajrami, Eron; Wen, Gaiping; Grundmann, Sarah M.; Ringseis, Robert; Gessner, Denise K.; Eder, Klaus
Previous studies have demonstrated that high-yielding dairy cows experience endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver during early lactation. To date, most insights into the role of ER stress in metabolism and disease pathophysiology have been derived from rodent and human models. In dairy cattle, however, the specific impact of ER stress on metabolic pathways and its contribution to disease development remain insufficiently characterized. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the molecular effects of ER stress using a bovine liver cell model (BFH12 cells). ER stress was induced by incubation with Tunicamycin (TM) and Thapsigargin (TG). Molecular responses to ER stress were assessed via a whole-genome array analysis and PCR targeting genes involved in selected metabolic pathways. Incubation with both ER stress inducers resulted in a marked upregulation of genes associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR) within a 4 to 24-h time frame, indicative of the production of robust ER stress in these cells. Unexpectedly, treatment with TM led to a downregulation of numerous genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, including those related to lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, incubation with TM and TG induced upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and was accompanied by a reduction in intracellular triglyceride concentrations. Genes associated with inflammatory responses were upregulated by both TM and TG, whereas genes encoding antioxidant enzymes were downregulated. Genes involved in ketogenesis did not exhibit a consistent pattern of regulation. Overall, several effects of ER stress previously described in rodent models could not be replicated in this bovine liver cell system. Extrapolating these findings to dairy cows suggests that while ER stress may contribute to hepatic inflammation, it is unlikely to play a significant role in the development of hepatic lipidosis or ketosis.
Efficacy of feeding grape by-products on performance, nutrient digestibility, gut morphology, gut microbial community, oxidative stress and immune response in fast-growing broilers
(2025) Ringseis, Robert; Eder, Klaus; Gessner, Denise K.
By-products from winemaking, such as grape pomace, grape seeds, grape skins, or extracts made from them, represent a cost-effective and sustainable bioresource. These by-products are a source of polyphenolic compounds, plant fibers and—in the case of seeds—essential fatty acids with various health-promoting effects for livestock. Numerous studies involving fast-growing broiler breeds—which often suffer from metabolic inflammation and oxidative stress due to disproportionate breast muscle growth leading to issues like cardiorespiratory insufficiency—indicate that supplementing feed with grape by-products improves performance, particularly weight gain and feed efficiency. This literature review demonstrates that the performance-enhancing effects of grape by-products in fast-growing broiler breeds can be attributed to various mechanisms such as improved nutrient digestibility, a positive influence on intestinal morphology and integrity, the favorable modulation of the microbial community in the gut, the inhibition of oxidative stress or the enhancement of the antioxidant defense system, and the stimulation of the immune response.