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Item type: Item , Exploring for gloss : active exploration in visual material perception(2025) Lin, Lisa P. Y.; Drewing, Knut; Dörschner-Boyaci, KatjaImage motion contributes to the perception of visual material properties, and motion signals are generated during active exploration. However, little is known about how specific perceptual tasks influence the actions that generate these cues. In an experiment using virtual reality and real-time hand tracking, we investigated how the demands of perceptual tasks (e.g., judging gloss or lightness) shape exploratory behaviors. Participants either observed or actively explored objects varying in gloss and lightness while performing a matching task. We analyzed how their exploration patterns varied based on the tasks. Using the same stimuli in both tasks, we found that participants explored objects more extensively when judging gloss than when judging lightness. These findings suggest a strategic prioritization of relevant cues for gloss judgments, with participants using larger movements and object rotation to enhance viewing perspectives and highlight detection. Our findings show that exploration behaviors are task dependent, with actions adapted to the demands of the perceptual task at hand.Item type: Item , Association of stress and inflammatory diseases with serum ferritin and iron concentrations in neonatal calves(2025) Sickinger, Marlene; Jörling, Jessica; Büttner, Kathrin; Roth, Joachim; Wehrend, AxelThis study investigated the effects of iron supplementation and inflammatory disease on cortisol, white blood cell (WBC) count, total protein (TP), lactate, interleukin 1 β (IL1β), interleukin 6 (IL6), substance P (SP), hepcidin, haptoglobin, and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in calves. Correlation analyses for the aforementioned parameters with serum iron and ferritin were performed in 40 neonatal calves over the first 10 days of life. Neither iron supplementation, disease status, nor sex had statistically significant effects on the areas under the curve of ferritin, WBC, TP, IL1β, IL6, SP, hepcidin, haptoglobin, or FRAP. However, cortisol concentrations were influenced by disease development. Cortisol concentrations were higher at birth (44.1 ± 1.95 ng/mL) than on day 2 (38.8 ± 1.87 ng/mL) (p = 0.0477), and healthy animals exhibited lower cortisol concentrations than diseased calves (p = 0.0028). Correlation analyses indicated weak positive correlations between ferritin and IL1β (p = 0.0015; ρ = 0.49) and IL6 (p = 0.0011; ρ = 0.50), respectively. The clinical significance of these findings and resulting therapeutic consequences, especially with respect to iron supplementation, should be further investigated in calves and adult cattle.Item type: Item , Exploring the potential and challenges of Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) in European agri-food value chains : a dross-country analysis(2025) Solovieva, Irina; Miteva-Bölter, Pavlina; Knez, Marija; Bessai, Ann-Kathrin; Barilli, Eleonora; Kasperczyk, Nadja; Ranic, Marija; Gurinovic, Mirjana; Luna Casado, Pedro Jose; Alba Morales, Nicolas; Sanchez, Manuel; Tisseyre, Cyril; Schaer, Burkhard; Xoplaki, ElenaModern agri-food systems demand crops that are climate change resilient, support environmental sustainability, enhance dietary diversity and appeal to consumers. This article examines the potential of underutilized crops in meeting these challenges. We take Lathyrus as a case study and examine it within the context of European agri-food value chains, with a particular focus on Germany and Spain. The study employs a range of methods—literature review, interviews, field observations, and consumer opinion surveys —to explore its versatility. The findings reveal that Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) offers significant benefits: it is adapted to dry climates and tolerates high rainfall. As a nitrogen fixing crop, it can play an important role in crop rotations, reducing the need for fertilization and providing an attractive alternative for organic farmers. Through appropriate processing methods, Lathyrus can enhance its beneficial nutritional characteristics. Furthermore, it is well suited for the development of innovative recipes that align with modern culinary trends and meet consumers’ expectations across different cultures. To make use of its potential, adaptive cultivation methods and value chain cooperation are needed. Along the value chain, the affordable pricing of Lathyrus-based products and clear communication of their nutritional, environmental, and social benefits prove to be most critical.Item type: Item , Resource characteristics of common reed (Phragmites australis) in the Syr Darya Delta, Kazakhstan, by means of remote sensing and random forest(2025) Baibagyssov, Azim; Magiera, Anja; Thevs, Niels; Waldhardt, RainerReed beds, often referred to as dense, nearly monotonous extensive stands of common reed (Phragmites australis), are the most productive vegetation form of inland waters in Central Asia and exhibit great potential for biomass production in such a dryland setting. With its vast delta regions, Kazakhstan has the most extensive reed stands globally, providing a valuable case for studying the potential of reed beds for the bioeconomy. However, accurate and up-to-date figures on available reed biomass remain poorly documented due to data inadequacies in national statistics and challenges in measuring and monitoring it over large and remote areas. To address this gap in knowledge, in this study, the biomass resource characteristics of common reed were estimated for one of the significant reed bed areas of Kazakhstan, the Syr Darya Delta, using ground-truth field-sampled data as the dependent variable and high-resolution Sentinel-2 spectral bands and computed spectral indices as independent variables in multiple Random Forest (RF) regression models. An analysis of the spatially detailed yield map obtained for Phragmites australis-dominated wetlands revealed an area of 58,935 ha under dense non-submerged and submerged reed beds (with a standing biomass of >10.5 t ha−1) and an estimated 1,240,789 tons of reed biomass resources within the Syr Darya Delta wetlands. Our findings indicate that submerged dense reed exhibited the highest biomass at 28.21 t ha−1, followed by dense non-submerged reed at 15.24 t ha−1 and open reed at 4.36 t ha−1. The RF regression models demonstrated robust performance during both calibration and validation phases, as evaluated by statistical accuracy metrics using ten-fold cross-validation. Out of the 48 RF models developed, those utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) as key predictors yielded the best standing reed biomass estimation results, achieving a predictive accuracy of R2 = 0.93, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 2.74 t ha−1 during the calibration, and R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 3.71 t ha−1 in the validation, respectively. This study highlights the considerable biomass potential of reed in the region’s wetlands and demonstrates the effectiveness of the RF regression modeling and high-resolution Sentinel-2 data for mapping and quantifying above-ground and above-water biomass of Phragmites australis-dominated wetlands over a large extent. The results provide critical insights for managing and conserving wetland ecosystems and facilitate the sustainable use of Phragmites australis resources in the region.Item type: Item , Lithiated polymer coating for interface stabilization in Li6PS5Cl-based solid-state batteries with high-nickel NCM(2025) Shi, Bing-Xuan; Weber, Franjo; Yusim, Yuriy; Demuth, Thomas; Vettori, Kilian; Münchinger, Andreas; Titvinidze, Giorgi; Volz, Kerstin; Henss, Anja; Berger, Rüdiger; Richter, Felix H.Li6PS5Cl-based solid-state batteries with high-nickel LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2 (NCM) promise higher energy density and safety than lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolyte. However, their cycling performance is often limited by interface degradation between NCM and solid electrolyte. Here, a sulfonated polyphenylene sulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone (sPPSLi/PVP) coating on NCM particles is presented that mitigates this issue. This uniform coating impedes direct contact between NCM and solid electrolyte, which lessens interface degradation and improves cycling performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry show a reduced interface resistance and Li+-ion transport length during cycling for sPPSLi/PVP-coated NCM in Li6PS5Cl-based solid-state batteries. Additionally, the coating effectively suppresses side reactions, particularly the formation of oxygenated species, at the NCM/SE interface. Overall, sPPSLi/PVP-coated NCM shows remarkable improvements in cycling stability and rate capability, emphasizing the significance of applying polymer coatings.