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Item type: Item , Multiple jejunal diverticulosis, from an anatomical and histological view : a case report(2025) Schmidt, Patricia; Perniss, Alexander; Nassenstein, Christina; Keller, Hanno; Deckmann, KlausBACKGROUND: Here, we report a case of jejunal diverticulosis from an anatomical and histological view. During the “Gross Anatomy course,” we found multiple jejunal diverticula along a total length of 208 cm of intestine. CASE SUMMARY: After opening the intestinal tract, we counted 232 jejunal diverticulum entry points with a diameter of up to 2 cm and observed connections between the diverticula that created shortcuts between two distinct intestinal parts. Interestingly, we observed an extreme longitudinal striation on the intestinal parts hosting diverticula. Thorough vessel preparation utilizing a dissecting microscope confirmed that all investigated arteriae rectae ended in a diverticulum. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations revealed that intestinal villi of diverticula were smaller and less prominent than control tissue and that the stratum longitudinale, as well as the stratum circular, were much thinner in the diverticula compared to control tissue. Neither submucosal nor mesenteric plexus could be detected in the diverticula. However, vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive nerve fibers and villin-positive brush border could only be detected in control tissue. This indicates that jejunal diverticulosis is associated with abnormalities of the smooth muscles and a disorder of innervation. CONCLUSION: Jejunal diverticulosis originates from mesenteric vessels, featuring smooth muscle changes, absent innervation, and thinning of tissue layers.Item type: Item , Histology-driven tailoring of surgical approaches in retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma : retrospective cohort study(2025) Musa, Julian; Willis, Franziska; Rompen, Ingmar F; Harnoss, Julian-Camill; Grünewald, Thomas G P; Al-Saeedi, Mohammed; Büchler, Markus W; Schneider, MartinBackground: Histology-driven tailoring of surgical approaches for retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma is currently under debate. Compelling evidence assessing the role of histology-dependent extent of resection is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma (LPS) or leiomyosarcoma (LMS) according to whether comprehensive (formerly ‘compartmental’) resection (CR) was performed. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on data from patients undergoing surgical resection for LPS and LMS at Heidelberg University Hospital (2002–2019). Parameters were compared between groups with and without CR, with subgroup analyses for grading (LPS). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to identify predictors of disease-specific survival (DSS), local recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival. Results: In total, 119 patients with primary LPS and 46 patients with primary LMS were identified. DSS was improved in patients with LPS with CR (P = 0.049), and both DSS (P = 0.040) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.041) were improved in the subgroup of patients with primary G3 LPS. In contrast, CR in patients with LMS was not associated with improved DSS, local recurrence-free survival, or distant metastasis-free survival. CR was associated with more severe postoperative complications (P = 0.021) and a longer hospital stay (P = 0.013) in patients with LPS, longer operation times (P < 0.010) in both patients with LPS and LMS, and increased blood loss (P = 0.008) in patients with LMS. Conclusion: CR is associated with improved DSS in patients with primary LPS, which is not the case in patients with primary LMS. Given the association between CR and increased perioperative morbidity, surgical strategies for retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma should be individualized according to the underlying histology.Item type: Item , Midterm Outcomes and Surgical Approaches for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus(2025) Biehl, Christoph; Fritzsche, Carina; Walter, Nike; Biehl, Lotta; El Khassawna, Thaqif; Heiss, Christian; Rupp, MarkusBackground: Osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the talus are a significant cause of chronic ankle pain and functional impairment, typically following trauma. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging and surgical interventions, long-term outcomes vary, and no gold standard treatment has been established. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the outcomes of n=64 patients undergoing OCL-related surgery. Inclusion criteria: an OCL of the talus, patients without OCL, with osteoarthritis, or infection were excluded. The cohort was categorized primarily based on the stage of OCL and the surgical technique used: bone marrow stimulation by retrograde or anterograde drilling and microfracturing, transplantation of autologous cancellous bone, and acellular cartilage replacement and other procedures. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Statistical significance was determined using χ2 tests, with P <.05 considered significant. Results: A total of 97 operations were performed on 64 patients. Fifty-six percent of patients reported complete resolution of symptoms, 25% experienced partial improvement, and 19% showed no improvement. Patients aged ≤30 years had a higher success rate (62.5%) compared with older patients (45.8%, P = .227). Success rates were significantly better for patients with stage II and III lesions (50% and 59%, respectively) than for those with stage IV lesions (P = .043). Material substitution had a success rate of 44.4%, bone marrow stimulation 37.8%, and other procedures 18.8%. Conclusion: Surgical techniques for treating OCL of the talus provide moderate success, but a significant proportion of patients, especially those with advanced lesions, remain symptomatic.Item type: Item , AMPK and CAMKK activation participate in early events of Toxoplasma gondii-triggered NET formation in bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils(2025) Conejeros, Iván; Velásquez, Zahady D.; Espinosa, Gabriel; Rojas-Baron, Lisbeth; Grabbe, Magdalena; Hermosilla, Carlos; Taubert, AnjaToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects humans, eventually causing severe diseases like prenatal or ocular toxoplasmosis. T. gondii also infects cattle but rarely induces clinical signs in this intermediate host type. So far, the innate immune mechanisms behind the potential resistance of bovines to clinical T. gondii infections remain unclear. Here, we present evidence on sustained activation of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils PMN by T. gondii tachyzoites, which is linked to a rise in cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, an enhancement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). NETosis is a specific form of programmed cell death, characterized by the release chromatin from the nucleus to the extracellular space resulting in formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs can kill and entrap pathogens. In our experiments, NETosis was triggered by T. gondii, and this effector mechanism was enhanced by pre-treatments with the AMPK activator AICAR. Moreover, tachyzoite-mediated bovine neutrophil DNA release depended on MAPK- and store operated calcium entry- (SOCE) pathways since it was diminished by the inhibitors UO126 and 2-APB, respectively. Overall, we here provide new insights into early polymorphonuclear neutrophils responses against T. gondii for the bovine system.Item type: Item , Dietary Protein Levels in Isoenergetic Diets Affect the Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Retention of Nitrogen and Amino Acids of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae(2025) Schneider, Laura; Kisinga, Benson; Stoehr, Nathalie; Cord-Landwehr, Stefan; Schulte-Geldermann, Elmar; Moerschbacher, Bruno M.; Eder, Klaus; Jha, Rajesh; Dusel, GeorgBlack soldier fly, H. illucens larvae, efficiently convert low-value organic substrates into high-value products, offering solutions to global challenges in sustainable food production and biotechnology. This study investigated the impact of dietary protein levels (10%, 14%, 16%, and 20% crude protein, CP) on BSFL growth, nutrient utilization, and energy retention using isoenergetic diets (18.5 ± 0.3 MJ/kg dry matter) under commercial-scale conditions. Larvae were harvested after 8 days of feeding, with 5 replicates per treatment. Optimal growth performance and feed conversion ratios were observed in larvae fed 14% CP diet, with a quadratic relationship between dietary CP and biomass gain (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.870). Ash and calcium deposition peaked in CP20-fed larvae and were lowest in CP14-fed larvae. Phosphorus and glucosamine deposition remained unaffected, while chitin deposition correlated positively with larval weight. Nitrogen and amino acid retention were highest in CP14-fed larvae but reduced in CP20-fed larvae (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.573–0.902). CP10-fed larvae showed impaired growth and nitrogen deposition but increased fat deposition. These findings establish the CP14 diet as the optimal formulation for scalable BSFL production, providing critical insights into dietary protein effects on BSFL physiology and enabling the development of efficient feeding strategies for industrial-scale farming.