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Reading between the pixels : expertise, textual information, and affect in aesthetic judgement of VR-art
(2026) Gotthardt, Karina Aylin; Rakoczy, Katrin; Tallon, Miles; Seitz, Matthias; Frick, Ulrich
This study delves into the transferability of aesthetic judgment influences from analog art viewing to a Virtual Reality (VR) setting, recognizing that art expertise typically enhances aesthetic judgement through increased positive affect. Additionally, it was anticipated that the relationship between art expertise and positive affect would be moderated by the type of textual information provided, positing that different types of texts (affective vs. stylistic) would activate different processing routes in novices versus art experts. Our findings reveal that while expertise continues to play a crucial role in shaping aesthetic judgment through positive affect, the anticipated moderation by textual information type did not materialize. The VR context might amplify the impact of affective texts on positive affect, or likewise decrease the impact of stylistic information, irrespective of expertise levels. These results underline how virtual art could leverage human emotions to enhance the viewer's experience.
Radiotherapy-based multimodal treatment in advanced NSCLC with spinal infiltration : a case series of seven unfavorable patients
(2026) Agolli, Linda; Eul, Bastian; Prüfer, Diethard; Harth, Sebastian; Gattenlöhner, Stefan; Habermehl, Daniel
Background: Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) with spinal invasion presents a rare but challenging clinical scenario. Radical surgical approaches, though potentially curative, are often not feasible due to comorbidities, advanced age, poor performance status or technical inoperability. In this setting, the optimal multimodal treatment strategy including radiotherapy (RT) and systemic treatment remains to be fully defined. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed seven patients with stage III/IV NSCLC and radiologically confirmed spinal invasion treated between 2023 and 2025. Treatment modalities included radiotherapy, systemic therapy, and surgical procedures. Patients were retrospectively stratified using the prognostic scoring system proposed by Lei et al. to assess clinical outcomes by risk group. Results: Four patients were classified as low-risk (score 4–5), and three as intermediate-risk (score 6–7); no patients fell into the high-risk category. Two low-risk patients showed favorable outcomes, including long-term survival and disease stability, while two succumbed to local progression. All intermediate-risk patients died within 5–13 months due to disease progression. Radical surgery was not feasible in any case. Timely treatment initiation and multidisciplinary care were associated with improved outcomes in selected patients. Conclusion: RT-based multimodal treatment appears feasible in selected unfavorable patients with advanced NSCLC and spinal infiltration who are not candidates for radical surgery. The prognostic score can help in risk stratification, though timely therapeutic decision-making is equally critical. However, due to the small sample size, the impact on survival remains uncertain and requires validation in larger studies.
Impact of particle charge and electrorheology-effects on dust-acoustic waves in low pressure complex plasma under microgravity
(2025) Wimmer, L; Dormagen, N; Klein, M; Kretschmer, M; Lipaev, A M; Schwarz, M; Usachev, A D; Petrov, O F; Zobnin, A V; Thoma, M H
This study investigates the influence of particle charge and electrorheological (ER) effects on microparticle dynamics and dust-acoustic wave propagation in low-pressure complex plasmas under microgravity conditions. Experiments were conducted using PK-4 during parabolic flights and onboard the International Space Station to analyze dust particle behavior in direct current (DC) and DC polarity switching discharge plasma. Key findings reveal that variations in particle charge potential and ER effects significantly affect particle dynamics, especially at different gas pressures. Specifically, we validated a dimensionless charge potential of z = 0.34 ± 0.17 in a DC neon plasma discharge, noting a rapid increase in this potential at pressures below 15 Pa. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in charge of up to 50% due to quadrupole effects induced by polarity switching. These results provide critical insights into plasma behavior in microgravity and the role of external electric fields in particle interactions.
Investigation of charge and ion drag force dynamics in complex plasma experiments with neon and argon under microgravity
(2025) Wimmer, L; Beppler, S; Dormagen, N; Klein, M; Kretschmer, M; Lipaev, A M; Schwarz, M; Usachev, A D; Petrov, O F; Zeller, T A; Zobnin, A V; Thoma, M H
In complex dusty plasmas, micron-sized particles immersed in ionized gas acquire a significant negative charge and experience various forces. One of the primary forces acting on these particles is the ion drag force. The PK-4 facility aboard the International Space Station enables precise studies of such systems under microgravity. During campaigns #17 and #18, we investigated the ion drag force on 3.4 µm melamine-formaldehyde microparticles in argon and neon plasmas across a pressure range of 10–120 Pa. We combined experimental data with advanced machine learning techniques and ion drag force modeling. This allowed us to evaluate and improve theoretical models, including an analytical approach for weak and intermediate ion coupling, as well as a hybrid model that incorporates kinetic simulations. Our results reveal a pronounced enhancement of the ion drag force measured at low pressures (below 30 Pa), especially in neon, where ion collisions and drift velocities significantly affect particle dynamics. These findings emphasize the role of ion-neutral collisions and plasma composition in determining dust-plasma interactions, offering new insight into the limitations of existing theoretical models and the need for gas-specific model refinements.
Drought response in miscanthus : breeding increases radiation and water use efficiency over three contrasting years in central Germany
(2026) Awty-Carroll, Danny; Robson, Paul R. H.; Schwarz, Kai-Uwe; Meyer, Heike; Greef, Jörg Michael; Hastings, Astley; Clifton-Brown, John
More and new sources of biomass are needed for renewable energy and renewable products for the bioeconomy. A leading new source of biomass is the highly sustainable perennial grass crop Miscanthus. The majority of the Miscanthus crop comprises a clone of Miscanthus × giganteus (M × g) of limited genetic variation and poor yield under dry growth conditions. The parental species of M × g, M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis, are distributed over a large geographical range in Eastern Asia and may be used to improve on M × g. From breeding trials, we selected seven novel hybrids and two control genotypes including M × g. We grew these in a field experiment on drought-prone soil in Germany with and without irrigation. To identify superior Miscanthus types, we estimated radiation use efficiency (RUE), yield and water use efficiency (WUE) from within-season measurements made over three contrasting growing seasons. Temporal variations in RUE and WUE for different genotypes varied significantly and two novel hybrids, WAT6 and WAT8, achieved the highest yields. To achieve goodness of fit to yield measurements, genotype-specific parameters for process descriptions in the model MiscanFor were adjusted for the two superior genotypes. These parameters included earlier shooting and an increased threshold of overheating. When the model was run over ten years, despite generating the highest yield values, WAT8 accumulated less biomass than WAT6 over the longer term. The response of WUE to variation in soil capillary pressure and vapour pressure deficit was examined. WUE of M × g increased with the severity of water stress then declined again. The superior yielding genotypes were more able to sustain biomass accumulation and/or water use under the highest stress. We believe that combining physiology with crop modelling is a powerful way to inform genetic and agronomic improvements needed to secure the future supply of biomass for the bioeconomy.