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Modularity in dance: Effects of expertise on the production and perception of full-body movements through the use of a Bayesian generative model based on temporal movement primitives
(2026) Leh, Liv Amalaswintha
Dance can be viewed as a form of full-body art that has been practiced by humans for thousands of years in various social contexts. However, the relationship between the configuration of these expressive movements and the aesthetic qualities they elicit in observers is still unclear. According to current understanding, humans may be able to generate a variety of movement by relying on movement primitives: a pool of fundamental movement building blocks that can be flexibly combined to produce diverse movements. Years of sensorimotor experience might modulate these types of primitives, resulting in the motor skills observed in professional dancers today and their aesthetic performance. The main objective of this thesis was to enhance our understanding of how the aesthetic perception of dance movements relates to their modular composition. To this end, a generative model based on movement primitives was implemented, its viability as a tool for perceptual experiments was tested, and finally applied to the aesthetic evaluation of artificially generated dance movements. All in all, four experiments were conducted. The first experiment examined the temporal segmentation of dance sequences, as this is a necessary pre-processing step for the implemented model, showing that using simple kinematic features is a viable approach for segmenting dance sequences up to a certain degree of fluidity. The second experiment focused on the perceptual validation of the model for dance movements, as this had not yet been evaluated. The findings indicate that the model is perceptually valid and robust to a range of factors, although its validity may be limited when movement complexity reaches a certain level. The third experiment goes beyond methodological assessments to explore how the modular composition of dance movements relates to sensorimotor dance experience. The results suggest that sensorimotor dance experience is associated with a more movement primitives, but fewer temporal segments. Finally, the fourth experiment assessed the aesthetic perception of dance movements based on their composition. Interestingly, movements based on a greater number of primitives also received higher aesthetic evaluations, which contrasts with previous studies on the aesthetic perception of dance. An exception to this pattern was observed, suggesting an uncanny valley phenomenon for artificial full-body movements. Overall, this thesis addressed both methodological and conceptual aspects of dance movement production and perception within a modular framework, identifying limitations and offering directions for future research on the generation and appreciation of full-body artistic movement.
Search for exotic states with cc̄ss̄ quark content at Belle and Optimisation of the Photon Monitor for the Belle II pixel detector
(2026) Meleshko, Dmytro
This thesis summarises my contribution to two topics: search for quarkonium-like four-quark states in data of the Belle experiment and background monitoring for the pixel detector (PXD). As for the first topic, the Belle experiment was operating from 1999 to 2010 at the KEKB accelerator in Tsukuba, Japan. During the running period, the Belle detector accumulated just under 1~ab$^{-1}$ of collision data, most of which was collected at the centre-of-mass energy of the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance, which predominantly decays into a pair of $B$ mesons. The full Belle dataset includes around 1 billion of $B$ meson pairs, making it one of the most valuable samples for rare decay measurements in $B$ meson physics. In 2003 Belle observed the so called $X(3872)$, a state which does not fit the conventional charmonium spectrum and is widely considered as an exotic candidate. Numerous discoveries of unconventional $Q\bar{Q}$-like candidates followed by Belle and other experiments. Another experiment actively contributing to the quarkonium field -- LHCb at CERN, Switzerland -- reported observation of multiple exotic candidates in the $B^-\to J/\psi\phi K^-$ decay channel in 2017 and 2021. Despite being constrained in the accessible quantum numbers, the analysis reported the observation of seven neutral $X$ candidates with the $c\bar{c}s\bar{s}$ quark content, many of which had been observed for the first time. Since rediscoveries or refinements of the measurements of these $X$-states by other experiments are essential to elucidate their nature, a search for $c\bar{c}s\bar{s}$ candidates in an alternative production mechanism was suggested. In this thesis, we report a search for these and potentially other yet undiscovered exotic states with a $c\bar{c}s\bar{s}$ quark content in $e^+e^-\to D_s^+ D_{s0}^*(2317)^-$ and $e^+e^-\to D_s^+ D_{s1}(2460)^-$ inclusive processes in the continuum, using the full Belle dataset. The proposed analysis, in comparison with earlier studies, is sensitive to a wider range of quantum numbers and probes a different production mechanism, which was not studied before. The analysis is performed using signal Monte-Carlo simulation, where event reconstruction is verified; generic Monte-Carlo, where complex cross-feed background effects are studied; and data, where a blind search for exotic candidates is carried out. As for the second topic of this thesis, the Belle II experiment is the successor of the Belle experiment, which began recording collision data in 2018. It operates at the upgraded SuperKEKB accelerator, which occupies the same site as its predecessor. The comprehensive on-site facility upgrade included major improvements to the accelerator design, which, among other enhancements, can now reach higher centre-of-mass energies, achieve higher instantaneous luminosity, and operates with a reduced energy asymmetry, enabling a broader physics programme. The upgrade of the Belle II detector involved, to varying extents, improvements to all individual sub-detectors and the development of a new innermost pixel detector, which is designed for reaching the vertex reconstruction resolution in beam direction of 25~$\mu$m. These hardware upgrades are aimed to set a new instantaneous luminosity record of up to $6\times10^{35}$~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ (a factor of 30 higher than the record set by Belle), allowing the experiment to accumulate a total dataset of up to 50~ab$^{-1}$ over the anticipated lifespan of the Belle II experiment. The increased luminosity, the proximity of the PXD to the interaction point, and the readout via 7.68 million channels impose stringent requirements on the PXD data acquisition system (DAQ). At the design luminosity, the readout rate is expected to exceed 18~Gb/s, which is factor of 10 higher than the combined readout rate of all other sub-detectors. Therefore, a standalone DAQ solution was developed exclusively for the PXD. It includes, in particular, a data acquisition and data truncation system known as Online Selection Nodes (ONSEN), developed in Gießen in collaboration with the IHEP Beijing. A challenge for the PXD is exposure to increased background radiation. Various beam-induced background sources were considered, and their effects had been mitigated or minimised. One such source is the indirect synchrotron radiation (SR), which originates from backscattering off the inner wall of the beryllium beam pipe and primarily affects the inner layer of the PXD. To mitigate this effect, countermeasures were implemented in the beam pipe design during the first long shutdown, which took place from mid-2021 to the end of 2022. As a result of these changes, the SR pattern has changed, necessitating an update to the real-time photon-radiation monitoring tool known as the Photon Monitor, which was accomplished as a part of this thesis. Consequently, this thesis also reports on the update to the Photon Monitor, which accounts for changes of the SR pattern, provides an assessment of background contamination in the previous data taking periods, and delivers a beam optics- and currents-aware prediction of the expected SR contamination for the future runs.
Data for "Low Knowledge, High Expectations: Consumer Acceptance of Organic Dairy Farming"
(2026-07-15) Wolny, Laura
These files include dataset, codebook and code used in the paper entitled " Low Knowledge, High Expectations: Consumer Acceptance of Organic Dairy Farming ". Data was collected using the online survey platform SoSci Survey. German participants were recruited through the market research company Dynata. Data collection took place between 5 February and 12 February 2024. The survey (N = 804) analyzed consumers’ expectations and acceptance of organic dairy farming depending on their organic purchase frequency and level of knowledge. The dataset "Daten12.02.2024.csv" contains information regarding objective knowledge of organic livestock and organic dairy farming, expectations and acceptance of organic dairy farming, environmental awareness, attitudes towards naturalness, animal ethical intuition, socio-demographics, organic purchase frequency and dietary habits. Respondents were classified as frequent, regular, and rare organic buyers depending on their organic purchase frequency and were assigned to three knowledge groups (low, medium, high) depending on their level of knowledge. The file "Codebook_Data_12.02.2024.xlsx" provides descriptions of the variables. The file "Expectations.R" contains the R code for analysing differences in expectations and acceptance of organic dairy farming between the three buyer and knowledge groups using mean rank comparisons and post hoc analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted using RStudio (Version 2022.07.2+576).
Ergänzende Daten für „Ökonomische und arbeitswirtschaftliche Auswirkungen einer Windauflage für gebeiztes Saatgut am Beispiel norddeutscher und hessischer Standorte“
(2025) Rabenau, Philip
Diese Dateien enthalten ergänzende Tabellen und Berechnungsgrundlagen zur Dissertation „Ökonomische und arbeitswirtschaftliche Auswirkungen einer Windauflage für gebeiztes Saatgut am Beispiel norddeutscher und hessischer Standorte“. Die Dissertation untersucht die arbeitswirtschaftlichen und ökonomischen Auswirkungen der Anwendungsbestimmung NH681, nach der gebeiztes Saatgut bei Windgeschwindigkeiten über 5 m/s nicht ausgebracht werden darf, sowie das Risiko einer zeitgerechten Durchführung der Aussaat. Die Dateien umfassen Arbeitstableaus und Risikoanalysen für die untersuchten Kulturen Winterweizen, Sommergerste, Mais und Zuckerrübe. Berücksichtigt werden verschiedene Anbauverfahren, Standorte, Betriebstypen sowie Varianten ohne und mit Windauflage. Die Arbeitstableaus enthalten Berechnungen zu Arbeitsgängen, verfügbaren Feldarbeitstagen, Kapazitäten, Restriktionen und möglichen Verfahrensumfängen. Die Risikoanalyse-Dateien enthalten Aussaatkosten nach Quantilen, Mechanisierungsalternativen sowie Varianten ohne und mit Windauflage. Die Daten dienen der Nachvollziehbarkeit und Ergänzung der in der Dissertation dargestellten arbeitswirtschaftlichen, ökonomischen und risikobezogenen Berechnungen.
Influence of different processing methods on anti-trypsin activity in bovine colostrum
(2025) Trzebiatowski, Lukas; Georgiev, Plamen; Büttner, Kathrin; Wehrend, Axel
Trypsin-inhibitory activity represents a general characteristic of the first bovine colostrum. The objectives of this study were to establish a test to determine anti-trypsin activity and test the hypothesis that freezing, acidification, and heat treatment would alter anti-trypsin activity compared with untreated bovine colostrum. A photometric assay was established to determine anti-trypsin activity. The activity was expressed in milligrams of inhibited trypsin per milliliter of colostrum. In experiment 1, anti-trypsin activity was compared in untreated and frozen colostrum of the same sample. In 40 untreated colostrum samples, the trypsin-inhibition (0.80 mg/mL) corresponded to that observed in frozen samples (0.79 mg/mL). In experiment 2, we compared the antitrypsin activity of 99 samples of frozen colostrum (0.85 mg/mL) with aliquots subjected to acidification (0.84 mg/mL), heat treatment at 60°C for 60 min (0.65 mg/mL), and heat treatment at 63.5°C for 30 min (0.61 mg/mL). Acidification did not significantly affect trypsin inhibition. Both heat treatment protocols significantly reduced anti-trypsin activity.