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Renal recovery patterns and long-term kidney function decline in pulmonary hypertension
(2026) Hintz, Lukas; Stampouloglou, Anastasios; Rangaswami, Janani; Lo, Kevin Brian; Seeger, Werner; Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir; Gall, Henning; Tello, Khodr; Husain-Syed, Faeq
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently accompanied by a decline in kidney function. In this retrospective cohort, worsening PH was associated with long-term eGFR decline only when accompanied by transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to acute kidney disease (AKD), defined as persistent kidney dysfunction beyond 7 days after AKI onset, whereas early AKI reversal was not. These findings suggest that renal recovery patterns, rather than transient changes in kidney function, may determine longitudinal kidney outcomes in PH and warrant further prospective investigation.
Cross-species R-DeeP profiling reveals a conserved core of RNA-dependent proteins in yeast
(2026) Wäber, Nadine Bianca; Seidler, Johanna Franziska; Thelen, Fabienne; Kot, Palina; Schreiner, Silke; Timm, Thomas; Lochnit, Günter; Sträßer, Katja; Kilchert, Cornelia
Delineating the constituents and structural composition of RNA-associated protein complexes is essential to mapping the molecular machinery driving RNA metabolism and its impact on cellular function. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset of RNA-dependent proteins and complexes in the phylogenetically distant yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using R-DeeP—a density gradient-based method that uses quantitative mass spectrometry to profile protein sedimentation in the presence and absence of RNA—we introduce an RNA dependence index (RDI) as a descriptive framework for RNA dependence, enabling the robust comparative analysis of RNA dependence across proteins in both species and relative to existing data from their human counterparts. This identifies a conserved core of RNA-dependent proteins shared across both yeasts, alongside distinct, organism-specific adaptations in complex behaviour. The data further support the analysis of co-sedimentation behaviour of protein complexes with known RNA-directed functions. For instance, we find that the five subunits of the S. cerevisiae THO complex only co-sediment in the absence of RNA, pointing to an underappreciated structural modularity of the well-characterized pentameric complex. The two datasets, available at https://yeast-r-deep.computational.bio/, provide a resource for hypothesis-driven research in RNA biology and establish R-DeeP as a broadly applicable tool for comparative analysis of RNA–protein interactions.
An exploratory study comparing the social behavior of intersex and female goats
(2026) Schmitt, Océane; Schmitz-Lamping, David; Lühken, Gesine; Trei, Gerriet; König von Borstel, Uta
Introduction: Goats are highly social animals that establish complex hierarchical and affiliative relationships within their herds. Understanding these social dynamics is fundamental to optimize animal welfare in sustainable livestock systems. In goats, a natural genetic variant causes dominant absence of horns (polledness). As this variant also has an influence on sex development (polled intersex syndrome, PIS), breeding for polledness can result in a higher proportion of intersexual goats in a flock. However, little is known about the behavioral roles and social integration of intersex goats within herds. Methods: This study compares the social behavior in a closed group of intersex (n = 7) and female (n = 17) polled goats to identify differences in agonistic and affiliative interactions and their implications for herd social dynamics. Behavioral data were obtained through continuous video observation and coded using the software BORIS. Interactions were analyzed via social network analysis (SNA) and hierarchical rank assessment based on David's Score. Results: Intersex goats showed a significantly higher frequency of affiliative interactions compared with females, suggesting enhanced social connectedness. No significant difference was found in agonistic interaction frequency, but intersex goats fought with significantly fewer opponents than female goats. Discussion: Although the analysis should be repeated in other herds, these findings offer novel insights into the social behavior of intersex goats and suggest that they may contribute to social cohesion rather than conflict in a herd.
A comparison of neutrophil secretion of cytokines and NET formation in response to Lipopolysaccharide and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in mice and rats in vitro
(2026) Bauch, Sheila; Stoll, Jan; Lieubeau, Blandine; Meurer, Marita; von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren; Leisengang, Stephan; Conejeros, Ivan; Harden, Lois M; Hernandez, Jessica; Hervé, Julie; Rummel, Christoph
Introduction: Neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) play a crucial role in initial pathogen defense, in part through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These web-like structures are essential for pathogen clearance and preventing dissemination but can also elicit excessive inflammation resulting in tissue damage. Purpose: Here, we aimed to investigate the link between NETosis and inflammation induced by gram-negative (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and gram-positive (Group B Streptococcus lysates, GBS) bacterial mimetics. As mice and rats are common models to investigate inflammation and sickness responses, we aimed to compare the inflammatory reaction of neutrophils derived from these two species. Methods: Bone marrow-derived PMNs from adult mice and rats were cultured after isolation by negative magnetic bead selection. NET formation was evaluated through immunofluorescence detecting the NET markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and DNA/histone-1-complexes. The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in the supernatants were analyzed using bioassays. Results: We revealed a significant increase in NET formation after GBS treatment in both rat and mouse PMN cultures, whereas LPS had minimal effects on NET induction. Gram-negative and gram-positive inflammatory conditions increased TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in rat PMN cultures. For mouse PMNs, TNF-α levels were increased after stimulation with LPS, while IL-6 was only elevated upon treatment with the highest dose of LPS (20μg/mL) applied. GBS did not significantly alter IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in mouse PMN cultures. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PMNs derived from mice and rats exhibit species-specific distinct responses to inflammatory stimuli. GBS induced NET formation in both rat and mouse PMNs. However, the main difference in rat and mouse PMNs inflammatory response was observed regarding GBS- and LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, suggesting a greater cytokine responsiveness in rat PMNs relative to mouse PMNs.
Hypoxia or tobacco-smoke exposure induce region-specific microvascular remodeling in the brain
(2026) Salik Demirtas, Nazli; Loku, Edma; Porschen, Yasmine; Schäffer, Julia; Wu, Cheng-Yu; Rummel, Christoph; Sommer, Natascha; Hadzic, Stefan; Weissmann, Norbert; Acker, Till; Németh, Attila
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) leads to a progressive decline in lung function, making it a leading cause of mortality worldwide. While COPD primarily affects the lungs, emerging research shows the life-threatening role of associated systemic changes affecting other organs, including the brain. However, the complex interplay between COPD and the brain’s microenvironment remains poorly understood. Here, we monitored alterations across several brain regions in mouse models subjected to chronic mild hypoxia (CMH) or tobacco-smoke exposure leading to pulmonary hypertension (S-PH) or also emphysema (S-Em). Brain microvasculature, microglia and hypoxia pathway states were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry imaging of standard FFPE tissue sections. Quantitative evaluation revealed model-specific changes in microvascular density, with increased density in the CMH and S-Em and decreased density in the S-PH mice. 3D-imaging of cleared thick brain tissue sections by spinning-disc confocal microscopy corroborated these findings and, together with fibrinogen, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 immunoblot analyses, provided a comprehensive view of the distinct microenvironment states. Overall, our findings link lung dysfunction and associated changes in the brain microenvironment, which may be relevant to understanding the systemic comorbidities of chronic lung diseases, particularly altered brain conditions that may influence lung cancer metastasis.