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Diabetes-related distress and psychological burden in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes – the role of child maltreatment, personality functioning, and epistemic trust: findings from a German clinical inpatient sample
(2025) Zara, Sandra; Ullrich, Imogen Carla; Leveling, Anna Maria; Saretzki, Friederike Gisela Genoveva; Schmitz, Jana; Eckhard, Michael; Kruse, Johannes; Kampling, Hanna
Exogenous dsRNA triggers sequence-specific RNAi and fungal stress responses to control Magnaporthe oryzae in Brachypodium distachyon
(2025) Zheng, Ying; Moorlach, Benjamin; Jakobs-Schönwandt, Desiree; Patel, Anant; Pastacaldi, Chiara; Jacob, Stefan; Sede, Ana R.; Heinlein, Manfred; Poranen, Minna M.; Kogel, Karl-Heinz; Ladera Carmona, Maria
In vertebrates and plants, dsRNA plays crucial roles as PAMP and as a mediator of RNAi. How higher fungi respond to dsRNA is not known. We demonstrate that Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo), a globally significant crop pathogen, internalizes dsRNA across a broad size range of 21 to about 3000 bp. Incubation of fungal conidia with 10 ng/μL dsRNA, regardless of size or sequence, induced aberrant germ tube elongation, revealing a strong sequence-unspecific effect of dsRNA in this fungus. Accordingly, the synthetic dsRNA analogue poly(I:C) and dsRNA of various sizes and sequences elicited canonical fungal stress pathways, including nuclear accumulation of the stress marker mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1p and production of ROS. Leaf application of dsRNA to the cereal model species Brachypodium distachyon suppressed the progression of leaf blast disease. Notably, the sequence-unspecific effect of dsRNA depends on higher doses, while pure sequencespecific effects were observed at low concentrations of dsRNA ( < 0.03 ng/μL). The protective effects of dsRNA were further enhanced by maintaining a gap of at least seven days between dsRNA application and inoculation, and by stabilising the dsRNA in alginate-chitosan nanoparticles. Overall, our study opens up additional possibilities for the development and use of dsRNA pesticides in agriculture.
The impact of grazing and fertilization intensity on functional trait diversity and assembly processes of soil mesofauna in grasslands
(2026) Baulechner, Dennis; John, Katharina; Zaitsev, Andrey; Saifutdinov, Ruslan; Wolters, Volkmar
C atoms versus Si atoms at the bridgehead positions of phenyl-decorated adamantane-type clusters: influence on the nonlinear optical response
(2026) Ziese, Ferdinand; Dehnen, Stefanie; Sanna, Simone
In order to explore the effect of the presence of CPh versus SiPh parts on the optical nonlinearities of phenyl-decorated adamantane-type clusters, the second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra of molecular clusters with the general formula [(CPh)x(SiPh)4−xS6] and x = 0,…, 4, are calculated within (hybrid) density functional theory. The stepwise replacement of C atoms with Si at the bridgehead positions leads to the blue-shift of the first SHG peak and to a redistribution of the spectral weights of the different signatures. The electronic transitions related to the SHG peaks are found to occur mainly at the substituents, which are common to all investigated compounds. However, the peak intensity strongly depends on the substitution induced distortion of the cluster core. Thus, although the cluster core is not directly involved in the genesis of the optical nonlinearities, it heavily impacts their intensity. The presented results suggest that reducing the core symmetry provides a pathway to enhance the SHG response of the clusters and yields a theoretical foundation for the design of nonlinear optical materials with tailored properties.
A word of caution - potential limitations of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in detecting congestion caused by right-sided heart failure
(2025) Herrmann, Ester Judith; Herrmann, Eva; Tello, Khodr; Mantzsch, Kathleen; Tekeste, Meaza; Fichtlscherer, Stephan; Hamm, Christian W.; Assmus, Birgit
Background/Objectives: Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III heart failure (HF) suffer from frequent hospitalizations. Non-invasive pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) sensor-guided HF care has been shown to reduce hospitalizations. However, it is unknown whether the PAP changes prior to hospitalization differ between clinical right, left or global cardiac decompensation. Methods: Sensor-derived PAP data and HF hospitalization records from 41 patients with NYHA class III HF were classified ret-rospectively into predominantly left, right or global decompensation. Linear mixed-effect regression models were used for statistical evaluations of the PAP in selected hospitalizations for which admission was at least 28 days after the last admission and 14 days after the last hospital discharge and with readings in between. Results: During 24.4 months of follow-up, 127 hospitalizations in 38 patients were evaluated. The global cardiac de-compensation (n = 13) had the highest PAP before hospitalization, followed by left-sided (n = 20) decompensation. Patients with right-sided decompensation (n = 9) had comparable PAP values before hospitalization to the cohort without any cardiac decompensation (n = 85). The diastolic PAP showed a significant increase of 0.035 mmHg/day (p = 0.0097) in left-sided decompensation and of 0.13 mmHg/day (p < 0.0001) in global cardiac decompensation, whereas no significant change in the diastolic PAP occurred prior to the right-sided decompensation. The baseline right ventricular function and right ventricle–pulmonary arterial coupling (TAPSE/PASP ratio) were impaired in patients with subsequent global cardiac decompensation. Conclusion: PAP telemonitoring-guided therapy can reliably detect early signs of left and global cardiac decompensation but may be limited in detecting right-sided cardiac congestion. The routine assessment of RV–PA coupling may improve the detection of global cardiac decompensation, as severe impairments could indicate impending deterioration. In contrast, monitoring the RV contractility may aid in identifying isolated right-sided congestion and imminent decompensation.