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Serum antibody titres against porphyromonas gingivalis Fim A in patients with periodontitis with and without diabetes mellitus type 2
(2025) Groeger, Sabine; Mueller, Nathalie; Herrmann, Jens Martin; Meyle, Joerg
Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are interconnected in a bidirectional relationship, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a key periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in both conditions. This study investigates the association between antibody responses to P. gingivalis and the coexistence of periodontitis and diabetes, aiming to explore its potential as a biomarker for early screening. The developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse in a pilot study the serum of subjects with periodontitis (n = 26), subjects with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 15), and healthy individuals (n = 13) for immunoglobulin (Ig)G- and IgM-antibody titres against FimA. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the IgG titres of the three study groups was observed. Patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus showed the highest IgG titres and thus the highest level of IgG antibodies, followed by periodontitis patients and finally the orally healthy subjects. This study demonstrated the establishment of a reliable and reproducible ELISA for the detection of antibodies against FimA from P. gingivalis W83. In addition, the outcomes of this study can be used to develop a screening assay that can indicate existing periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus based on IgG antibody titres against FimA from P. gingivalis.
A novel technique for non-invasive assessment of pulmonary artery pressure in patients after the Fontan procedure
(2025) Backhoff, David; Quante, Hannah; Seitz, Marius; Wippermann, Carl Friedrich; Jux, Christian
Breastfeeding in preterm infants is not compromised by early discharge and home nasogastric tube feeding up to 3 months postmenstrual age : a prospective cohort study
(2025) Schuler, Rahel; Kreidler, Alice Louise; Waitz, Markus; Kampschulte, Birgit; Petzinger, Jutta; Frodermann, Tina; Hahn, Andreas; Mihatsch, Walter A.
Background/Objectives: Breastmilk offers numerous benefits for the health and development of preterm infants, while prolonged hospitalization may impair neurodevelopment. At our institution, the implementation of enhanced family-centered care (FCC) has enabled earlier discharge of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess the impact of early discharge on breastfeeding and breastmilk provision. Methods: This analysis is based on data from a prospective single-center longitudinal cohort study conducted from October 2020 to November 2023, involving six consecutive cohorts (one baseline and five intervention cohorts; n = 184). FCC was progressively enhanced across cohorts. The primary outcome of the main study was postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge. In this secondary analysis, breastfeeding and breastmilk provision were assessed at four time points: 4 weeks postnatal age, at discharge, 4 weeks post-discharge, and at 3 months PMA. Results: From baseline to intervention cohort 5, the PMA at discharge declined significantly from 37.8 ± 2.1 to 35.7 ± 0.91 weeks (p = 0.03), while the percentage of infants necessitating home nasogastric tube feeding increased from 6.3% to 66.7% (p < 0.01). The proportion of breastmilk of daily feeding volume remained unchanged at 4 weeks postnatal age (0.66 ± 0.42 vs. 0.9 ± 0.28) and at discharge (0.6 ± 0.45 vs. 0.79 ± 0.36). At 4 weeks post-discharge, 65.8% vs. 62.5% of the infants were on partial or exclusive breastmilk (p = 0.91) feeding. Similarly, the percentage of exclusively breastfed infants at 4 weeks post-discharge (23.7% vs. 19.8%) and at 3 months PMA (20% vs. 28.6%) did not differ significantly between baseline and intervention cohort 5. Conclusions: Early discharge did not reduce breastmilk supply or exclusive breastfeeding. However, the persistently low rate of exclusive breastfeeding post-discharge highlights the need for additional support strategies during and after hospitalization.
Animal welfare problems in sheep farming : a current overview for Germany based on surveys of veterinary offices and the evaluation of publicly accessible court cases
(2025) Niethammer, Svenja; Schmid, Sarah; Hümmelchen, Hannah; Wehrend, Axel; Wagner, Henrik
This study aimed to provide an overview of the most frequent animal welfare cases documented by the authorities involved in sheep farming in Germany. A questionnaire with 26 questions was developed and sent to all German veterinary offices (supervisory authorities). Furthermore, publicly available court decisions on animal welfare cases over the last 30 years were consulted and analyzed. Approximately 18.1% (n = 71) of all veterinary authorities participated in the survey. The most frequently reported animal welfare cases included inadequate water supply (n = 63) and a lack of weather protection (n = 60). Other common issues were lameness (n = 56) and poor shearing management (n = 52). A total of 52 animal welfare cases presented in courts were found in the online search. The most common problems were nutrition (50%), water supply (34.6%), weather protection (32.7%), and shearing management (21.2%). These results provide information on the areas of sheep farming in which animal welfare violations occur most frequently. Based on these results, conclusions can be drawn regarding the development of preventive measures.
H2O2 sensitivity of Kv channels in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction : experimental conditions matter
(2025) Yamdjeu, Ornella Tchokondu; Begerow, Anouk; Sommer, Natascha; Diener, Martin; Weissmann, Norbert; Knoepp, Fenja
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) optimizes gas exchange but, when impaired, can result in life-threatening hypoxemia. Moreover, under conditions of generalized alveolar hypoxia, HPV can result in pulmonary hypertension. Voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv channels) are key to HPV: a change in the intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels during acute hypoxia is assumed to modulate these channels’ activity to trigger HPV. However, there are longstanding conflicting findings on whether H2O2 inhibits or activates Kv channels. Therefore, we hypothesized that H2O2 affects Kv channels depending on the experimental conditions, i.e., the H2O2 concentration, the channel’s subunit configuration or the experimental clamping potential in electrophysiological recordings. Therefore, cRNAs encoding the Kv1.5 channel and the auxiliary Kvβ subunits (Kvβ1.1, Kvβ1.4) were generated via in vitro transcription before being injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes for heterologous expression. The K+ currents of homomeric (Kv1.5) or heteromeric (Kv1.5/Kvβ1.1 or Kv1.5/Kvβ1.4) channels were assessed by two-electrode voltage clamp. The response of the Kv channels to H2O2 was markedly dependent on (a) the clamping potential, (b) the H2O2 concentration, and (c) the Kv channel’s subunit composition. In conclusion, our data highlight the importance of the choice of experimental conditions when assessing the H2O2 sensitivity of Kv channels in the context of HPV, thus providing an explanation for the long-lasting controversial findings reported in the literature.