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Item type: Item , Data for "Microstructure of Electrodeposited Lithium and its Evolution During Cycling when Using Metal Interlayers in “Anode-Free” Solid-State Batteries"(2025-11) Becker, JuriThe following data include various measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in order to analyze the effect of metallic interlayers on the resulting lithium microstructure. More information regarding the data structure and the data file types is given in the "README" file. Furthermore, there is an additional "README" file in each .zip archive to help the reader interpreting the data. The data was used to plot all scientific figures published in the following manuscript: Title: “Microstructure of Electrodeposited Lithium and its Evolution During Cycling when Using Metal Interlayers in “Anode-Free” Solid-State Batteries”. DOI: Abstract of the publication: "“Reservoir-free” construction of solid state batteries could circumvent the handling of reactive lithium metal foils and further increase the energy density. Metallic interlayers could play an im-portant role in the homogenization of the deposited lithium layer by increasing the coverage of the deposit and additionally reducing the size of the lithium grains. To date, the influence of different interlayers and the influence of stripping on the lithium microstructure is still unknown. This work analyzes the influence of gold, silver and bismuth interlayers on the microstructure of electrode-posited lithium layers using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on cross-sections prepared by broad ion-milling. In addition, partially stripped lithium layers and thus the influence of stripping on the lithium microstructure are analyzed using the mentioned interlayers. Our findings reveal that different interlayer materials result in different lithium microstructures. In addition, stripping also causes a significant change in the lithium microstructure, both in terms of grain size and grain orientation, gaining a deeper understanding of the lithium microstructure and its impact."Item type: Item , Solving the Gender Equation? Measuring and Refuting Teachers' Math-Gender Misconceptions(2025) Dersch, Anna-SophiaThis cumulative dissertation contains three publications/manuscripts, researching (1) teachers' math-gender misconceptions (specific, plausible-sounding yet scientifically unsupported knowledge conceptions that contradict empiric evidence and/or established theoretical frameworks, e.g., "Girls think more empathically than boys, but lack systematic thinking abilities and are hence not as good in mathematics."), their relation to their explicit math-gender stereotype (the mere connotation of mathematics as male), (2) their relation to teachers' awareness of math-gender stereotype-reinforcing behaviors in the classroom (e.g., stereotypical task selection, hampering female learners' self-efficacy), and (3) the effectiveness of personalized refutation texts in reducing teachers' math-gender misconceptions (in comparison to non-personalized refutation text, common expository text and personalized expository text). Study 1 introduces and validates the Math-Gender Misconception Questionnaire (MGMQ), with three distinct but related misconceptions (Empathizing-Systemizing, Girls' Compensation and Girls' Non-Compensability). Nearly half of the 303 researched pre-service teachers endorsed at least one misconception. These misconceptions were correlated with the explicit math-gender stereotype, suggesting that math-gender misconceptions and the math-gender stereotype are two related but distinct constructs and that math-gender misconceptions contribute to the manifestation of the math-gender stereotype. Study 2 examines 278 (student and in-service) teachers’ awareness of stereotype-reinforcing teaching behaviors in the classroom using video vignettes depicting a male vs. female model teacher. Teachers reliably detected explicit but rarely implicit biased behaviors. Teachers were more aware of a male vs. female model teacher's math-gender stereotype-reinforcing behaviors. Furthermore, model-observer-gender-similarity improved awareness. Awareness correlated negatively with misconception endorsement, suggesting that misconceptions may influence teachers’ interpretation of, and potentially their engagement in, classroom behavior. Study 3 tests the effectiveness of personalized refutation texts (vs. standard refutation text, personalized expository text and standard expository text) in promoting conceptual change among 336 student teachers and in-service teachers. Personalized refutation fostered the strongest misconception reduction among teachers who initially held math-gender misconceptions, but also elicted backfire effects—ironic misconception reinforcement—in participants without prior misconceptions. Effects on broader attitudes (e.g., math-gender stereotypes) were limited, though reduced misconceptions were associated with more gender-equitable views, suggesting that future interventions should not only be personalized but tailored to teachers' prior knowledge. Methodologically, the dissertation contributes two validated tools—the Math-Gender Misconception Questionnaire and a video-based awareness measure—that enable precise assessment of misconceptions and teachers’ sensitivity to stereotype-reinforcing behaviors, and that can also be meaningfully applied in teacher training. Theoretically, the findings clarify how misconceptions are embedded within broader stereotype systems and identify conditions under which personalized refutation texts promote or hinder conceptual change. Practically, the results underscore the importance of explicitly addressing math-gender misconceptions in teacher education and show that well-aligned, personalized interventions can effectively reduce misconceptions, whereas misaligned feedback may trigger defensive reactions.Item type: Item , Stabilizing Copper(I) Complexes by Terminal Olefinic Side Arms and Studying Their Reactivity Towards Oxidation(2025) Granichny, Alexander; Würtele, Christian; Schindler, SiegfriedMany copper(I) complexes with aliphatic amine ligands have a strong tendency to disproportionate to copper(II) and elemental copper in solution at higher concentrations, making it difficult to isolate them and to study their reactivity. A series of copper(I) complexes with ligands based on tridentate N,N,N’,N’’,N’’-pentamethldiethylenetriamine (Me5dien) were synthesized that included terminal olefinic and aromatic groups. It could be shown that the olefinic side arms stabilized some of the copper(I) complexes. Whether and how strongly the complexes were stabilized depended on the position and length of the olefinic sidearm. Additionally, the reactivity of the copper(I) complexes towards dioxygen was investigated.Item type: Item , Lattice Dynamics of LiNb 1-xTaxO3 Solid Solutions: Theory and Experiment(2025) Bernhardt, Felix; Gharat, Soham; Kapp, Alexander; Pfeiffer, Florian; Buschbeck, Robin; Hempel, Franz; Pashkin, Oleksiy; Kehr, Susanne C.; Rüsing, Michael; Sanna, Simone; Eng, Lukas M.Lithium niobate (LNO) and lithium tantalate (LTO) see widespread use in fundamental research and commercial technologies reaching from electronics over classical optics to integrated quantum communication. The mixed crystal system lithium niobate tantalate (LNT) allows for the dedicate engineering of material properties by combining the advantages of the two parental materials LNO and LTO. Vibrational spectroscopies such as Raman spectroscopy or (Fourier transform) infrared (IR) spectroscopy are vital techniques to provide detailed insight into the material properties, which is central to the analysis and optimization of devices. This work presents a joint experimental–theoretical approach allowing to unambiguously assign the spectral features in the LNT material family through both Raman and IR spectroscopy, as well as providing an in-depth explanation for the observed scattering efficiencies based on first-principles calculations. The phononic contribution to the static dielectric tensor is calculated from the experimental and theoretical data using the generalized Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation and compared with the results of the first-principles calculations.Item type: Item , Social Identification in Times of Crisis: How Need to Belong, Perspective Taking, and Cognitive Closure Relate to Changes in Social Identification(2025) Till, Franziska Julia; Heimrich, Julia; Frenzel, Svenja B.; van Dick, Rolf; Mojzisch, Andreas; Junker, Nina M.; Häusser, Jan A.In a world shaped by global crises—from pandemics to international armed conflicts to an escalating climate crisis—research into human reactions to and coping with uncertainty is becoming increasingly important. The fundamental role of identification with social groups in maintaining well-being during times of threat has been emphasized. In this context, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between interindividual differences— need to belong, perspective taking, need for cognitive closure—and changes in social identification. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a two-wave online study with a sample of 1008 participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined changes in social identification in narrow social groups (i.e., family, friends, neighbors) and broader social categories (i.e., own country, Europe, humanity). We found an overall increase in social identification in times of crises across all groups. The results show that need to belong (at Time 1) was positively related to increases in social identification (at Time 2) for all groups, while the positive association between perspective taking (at Time 1) and increases in social identification (at Time 2) was observed for almost all groups except neighbors. Contrary to our expectations, however, the need for cognitive closure (at Time 1) showed no association with changes in identification with any social group (at Time 2). These findings emphasize the importance of interindividual differences for our understanding of changes in social identification over time.