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Item type: Item , Satellite Remote Sensing and Machine Learning to Monitor Surface Water Resources in Ethiopia(2026) Abebe, Mathias TesfayeThis study demonstrates that integrating cloud-based remote sensing and machine learning provides a robust and comprehensive framework for monitoring surface water resources in Ethiopia across diverse hydro-climatic and land use and cover (LULC) conditions. Spectral water indices, particularly WI and AWEIsh, prove to be effective for large-scale surface water monitoring, while machine learning approaches, particularly GTB offer high accuracy and valuable long-term spatiotemporal insights when supported by quality training data. The observed increase in surface water extent from 1986 to 2023, coupled with pronounced inter-annual variability, highlights the combined influence of climatic drivers, notably precipitation and temperature, and anthropogenic factors such as LULC change, and dam construction. XGBoost-SHAP-based interpretability further highlights the predominant role of climate alongside the significant, albeit secondary, contribution of LULC transformations to hydrological dynamics. Together, these findings underscore the need for adaptive data-driven water resource management strategies in Ethiopia. These strategies should consider development goals alongside ecosystem sustainability and support climate adaptation. Furthermore, future climate and land use scenarios need to be incorporated to ensure the sustainability and resilience of water resource management.Item type: Item , Murine transfusion-related acute lung injury caused by anti-CD36 antibodies: mechanism and intervention(2026) Chen, DaweiIndividuals lacking CD36 on both platelets and monocytes (type I) are at risk of developing anti-CD36 antibodies after receiving a platelet transfusion or during pregnancy. Anti-CD36 antibodies have been suggested to induce transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) upon blood transfusion, particularly in Asian populations. However, little is known about the pathological mechanism of anti-CD36-mediated TRALI, and potential therapies haven’t yet been identified. Here, we developed a murine model of anti-CD36-mediated TRALI to address these questions. We found that administration of mouse monoclonal antibody against CD36 (mAb GZ1) or human anti-CD36 IgG, but not GZ1 F(ab’)2 fragments, induced severe TRALI in Cd36+/+ male mice. Pre-depletion of recipient monocytes or complement, but not neutrophils or platelets, prevented the development of murine TRALI. Moreover, plasma C5a levels after TRALI induction by anti-CD36 were increased more than 3-fold, implying a critical role of complement C5 activation in the mechanism of Fc-dependent anti-CD36-mediated TRALI. Furthermore, C5−/− mice were protected from anti-CD36–mediated TRALI, not C5aR1−/− mice. C5aR1 and C5aR2 antagonists’ administration did not inhibit TRALI, implying a possible role of C5b-9 (membrane attack complex [MAC]). Accordingly, elevated levels of MAC were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue of mice with anti-CD36 induced TRALI. Administration of GZ1 F(ab’)2, antioxidant (NAC), IVIG, anti- FcγRII/III (mAb 2.4G2), anti-C5 (mAb BB5.1), anti-C7 (mAb 73D1) or anti-C7 F(ab’)2 before TRALI induction completely protected mice from anti-CD36-mediated TRALI. Inhibition of MAC formation by administration of anti-C7 alleviated TRALI in mice, suggesting the critical role of the MAC in the pathology of anti-CD36-mediated TRALI. Although no significant amelioration in TRALI was observed when mice were injected with GZ1 F(ab’)2 after TRALI induction, significant improvement was achieved when mice were treated post-induction with NAC or anti-C5. Importantly, anti-C5, anti-C7 and anti-C7 F(ab’)2 treatment completely rescued mice from TRALI, suggesting the potential role of existing anti-complement drugs in the treatment of patients with TRALI caused by anti-CD36 antibodies. The activation of complement is a rapid cascade reaction, which results in CD36 antibody-mediated TRALI being an acute response. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies directed against complement activation may be the best treatment.Item type: Item , Remote sensing with machine learning for multi-decadal surface water monitoring in Ethiopia(2025) Tesfaye, Mathias; Breuer, LutzMonitoring the temporal evolution of surface water distribution is crucial to support surface water management and conservation, and could also effectively contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) ‘Clean Water and Sanitation’ at the regional level. Despite its importance, there is a lack of an operational method for determining surface water extent that also shows the interannual variability in Ethiopia. We assess Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) running on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) using Landsat for surface water monitoring at four sites in Ethiopia from 1986 to 2023. The results show that GTB, RF, and SVM have excellent classification accuracies, with overall, producer, and user accuracies consistently above 90%. GTB slightly outperforms the other two machine learning methods. The estimated water cover for our study sites shows a high degree of agreement with a benchmark dataset from the Joint Research Center (JRC), as indicated by coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.9 and root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) < 1%. The surface water dynamics of the four study sites depict a long-term increasing trend from 1986 to 2023, characterized by notable inter-annual variability. We identify the locations of this variability by analyzing the frequency of water occurrence over time and find that 84–94% are permanent water bodies, with the remaining water surface area changing over time. Mann–Kendall trend analysis does not confirm a general pattern over time for the four sites, suggesting that local site characteristics, water management and anthropogenic impacts are superimposed on the likely effects of climate change. Therefore, our results provide spatiotemporal information for surface water monitoring to support water resource management and policy in Ethiopia. This could also effectively contribute to the sustainable use and achievement of SDG 6 at the regional level.Item type: Item , Play-Hysteresis and Okun's Law(2026) Scheidemantel, Pedro PolliDiese Dissertation analysiert den Zusammenhang zwischen wirtschaftlicher Aktivität und Arbeitslosigkeit im Rahmen von Okun’s Law unter Berücksichtigung von Hysterese. Dabei wird der Play-Algorithmus zur Quantifizierung des Hysteresiseffekts angewendet. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass viele europäische Länder Hysterese auf dem Arbeitsmarkt aufweisen.Item type: Item , Didaktische Utopien und technologischer Wandel, eine Einführung : Visionen für den Fremdsprachenunterricht der Zukunft(2026)(GiF:on - Giessener Fremdsprachendidaktik:online; 19)Seit Thomas Mores Utopia steht der Begriff für idealisierte Gegenentwürfe zur bestehenden Wirklichkeit. Übertragen auf die Fremdsprachendidaktik bezeichnet er Visionen optimaler Lernbedingungen – maximale Individualisierung, uneingeschränkte Zugänglichkeit und technologische Effizienz. Doch jede Utopie bewegt sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen Fortschritt und Kritik. Dieser Sammelband widmet sich den „didaktischen Utopien“ des Fremdsprachenlehrens und -lernens im Zeitalter von Digitalisierung und Künstlicher Intelligenz. In neun wissenschaftlichen Essays entwerfen die Autor*innen Zukunftsszenarien, reflektieren Potenziale und Risiken neuer Technologien und fragen nach deren Auswirkungen auf Unterricht, Lernprozesse und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen. Dabei werden immersive Lernwelten, KI-gestütztes Schreiben, korpusbasierte Sprachassistenz, virtuelle Austausche oder affektives Computing ebenso diskutiert wie normative Fragen nach Bildung, Resonanz und menschlicher Dimension. Der Band versteht Utopien nicht als statische Ideale, sondern als dynamische Denkfiguren, die Innovation anstoßen und zugleich zur kritischen Reflexion herausfordern. Er richtet sich an Wissenschaftler*innen, Lehrkräfte und Studierende, die die Zukunft des Fremdsprachenunterrichts aktiv mitgestalten möchten – zwischen technologischer Transformation, pädagogischer Verantwortung und gesellschaftlicher Vision.