Lokales Wissen und kommunale Anpassung an den Klimwandel. Geographische und politologische Analysen für eine verbesserte Umsetzung
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The Context: This work exists as an update to the study: ‘Municipal adaptation to climate change in Quito (Ecuador) from the perspective of governmentality’ (http://dx.doi.org/10.22029/jlupub-5762). Here, two major content areas are analysed in more detail: 1) The local knowledge of a metropolitan area. 2) Social innovation as a process of combining different parts of existing local knowledge. This study focuses on institutions, their political and administrative actions, and areas with intersecting functions. Methodologically, this research is based on the field of applied geography. Therefore, a step-by-step refinement of this research approach is used. The Climate Convention: International conventions on global issues are highly complex. This applies to the Climate Convention as well. Here the focus is on discussions and resolutions relating to adaptation, the implementation of technical solutions in local communities. At COP27 in Egypt (2023), the following points were made exceptionally clear: (1) Progress in adaptation is very limited, varies greatly from region to region, and is highly fragmented. Adaptation measures could, in principle, have a number of additional positive effects. (2) There are a number of barriers, in particular the fact that the vast majority of international climate change funding has been concentrated on mitigation measures. Only a small proportion has been allocated to adaptation so far. This has been financed primarily from public funds. (3) Positive starting conditions can be identified, e.g. clear adaptation goals, responsibilities, and commitments to support. In particular, improved local knowledge of the risks, impacts and possible options is crucial. New forms of governance are possible. Local Knowledge: The discussion about local knowledge in large metropolitan areas is very recent. Metropolitan areas are the national centres of universities. They have a large civil society, and are often very diverse, bringing together immigrants from all parts of the country with their different cultures and forms of knowledge. This initial structure of great social diversity represents enormous potential. Local knowledge is then the sum of different segments of knowledge, from all groups and institutions, in very different sub-areas, and in one and the same space. Social innovations (‘Oslo Declaration’): This approach is complex in terms of content, combining ecological, social and economic objectives. However, the concept also addresses an even more comprehensive view: social innovations could also arise from combining different components of locally existing knowledge, focused on a new issue, e.g. adaptation to climate change. This necessitates a certain re-evaluation of general scientific discourse. Even scientific content, such as publications, that may appear ‘outdated’ at first glance, due to a sectoral perspective or simply because of the publication date, gains value in a new context. In this case, this can be demonstrated for the modernisation of a metropolis and adaptation to climate change. This requires implementation of qualitative research approaches, at least in the initial phase. Introduction of an innovation and territorial Diffusion: However, almost no examples from the Global South have been published on this topic. When this has occurred, it has been for projects with a very narrow understanding of ‘social’ (health, education) and a very limited project scope. On the other hand, there are examples of how local knowledge outside universities has been successfully structured and used to introduce social innovation. Such innovations can clearly also be introduced in the Global South. There is little empirical work available, although the example of Quito shows a completely new trend in geographical innovation research. Diffusion is possible even without widespread dissemination in the immediate local context. Existing institutional networks have enabled a ‘leap’ to the international level. Significant progress could be achieved by taking adequate account of local knowledge and its importance in social innovation approaches, including in international strategies. Some examples include: (1) The “UN Millennium Development Goals”, here in particular with reference to sustainable cities. (2) The German Research and Innovation Agenda ‘City of the Future’, especially with regard to the installation of social innovation in research and implementation. (3) The resolution of the ‘UN World Summit on Sustainable Development’ on a new perspective on ‘corporate social responsibility’ as an instrument for monitoring public policy. (4) Local adaptation to climate change as a starting point, and the results of the programme “100 Resilient Cities”. Outlook: The example of ‘Ecuador - Quito’ shows that considerable conceptual progress has been made. At the same time, the comprehensive level of ‘social innovation in Quito’ documents a remarkable global diffusion process of scientific results. This is highly significant in that this approach explicitly includes the ecological aspect of innovation in its concept and, in the specific case of Quito, also contains a remarkable document on sector planning. The local strategy for adapting to climate change deserves attention. The successful diffusion process of information therefore incorporates this technical aspect (climate change) without any additional effort. On this basis, regional governance strategies can be developed that offer a new quality of location factors. For example, a centre for identifying local (urban knowledge) and its possible combinations in different territorial contexts. Application-oriented/multidisciplinary and medium-term research remains necessary in order to overcome current knowledge deficits. Central research perspectives are identified: - Local knowledge, on the part of universities and the respective civil society. - The intellectual capital of local government, as an essential source of local knowledge can be used in a targeted manner. - The reasons for the emergence/existence of barriers are fundamentally complex. This necessarily includes the perspective of the effects of such barriers on a diffusion process. - A stronger territorial-institutional perspective is necessary in such research. The role of metropolitan areas should be examined more specifically in terms of their perspectives as centres of local knowledge and comprehensive social innovation, - In parallel with the completion of the current case study, it is necessary to undertake socio-political investigations into the role of individual actors, their values and attitudes towards social, ecological and economic changes.Verknüpfung zu Publikationen oder weiteren Datensätzen
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Aktualisierung der Studie: Kommunale Anpassung an den Klimawandel - Quito (Ecuador) aus dem Blickwinkel Governmentalität. Discussion papers / Zentrum für Internationale Entwicklungs- und Umweltforschung, 74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.22029/jlupub-5762