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Item type: Item , Water absorption in artificial composites: Curse or blessing?(2024) Niem, Thomas; Hübner, Antje; Wöstmann, BerndObjectives: This study evaluated the impact of mutable water uptake on the durability of mechanical properties and the long-term reliability of artificial composites. Methods: Three resin-based CAD/CAM restorative materials (CRMs) were investigated in three-point bending tests to calculate flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (ME), modulus of resilience (MR), modulus of toughness (MT), and elastic recovery (ER). All specimens (n = 180) were stored under the same conditions and tested in four subsets (n = 15 per material) that were respectively withdrawn after repeated thermocycling (5000 cycles; 5–55 °C, H2O) and repetitive drying (7 d; 37 °C, air). For every specimen, weight differences were determined per storage condition. Likewise, loss tangent data were separately recorded via dynamic mechanical analysis to reliably assess damping characteristics. Results: Repeated thermocycling always induced weight increase and a concurrent significant loss in all mechanical properties except for MT and ER of a polymethylmethacrylate-based CRM. Drying consistently provoked weight loss and raised mechanical properties to initial values. Weight increase, however, enhanced loss tangent values and accordingly distinct damping characteristics, whereas weight decrease markedly lowered damping properties. Significance: Water uptake repeatedly induced a decrease in common mechanical properties but concurrently increased damping behavior. Invertible equilibrium processes were found with no evidence for permanent material degradation.Item type: Item , The diverging roles of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in pulmonary arterial hypertension(2024) Schlueter, Beate Christiane; Quanz, Karin; Baldauf, Julia; Petrovic, Aleksandar; Ruppert, Clemens; Guenther, Andreas; Gall, Henning; Tello, Khodr; Grimminger, Friedrich; Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir; Weissmann, Norbert; Seeger, Werner; Schermuly, Ralph Theo; Weiss, AstridPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, severe and to date not curable disease of the pulmonary vasculature. Alterations of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system are known to play a role in vascular pathologies and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important regulators of the bioavailability and function of IGFs. In this study, we show that circulating plasma levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients compared to healthy individuals. These binding proteins inhibit the IGF-1 induced IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) phosphorylation and exhibit diverging effects on the IGF-1 induced signaling pathways in human pulmonary arterial cells (i.e. healthy as well as IPAH-hPASMCs, and healthy hPAECs). Furthermore, IGFBPs are differentially expressed in an experimental mouse model of PH. In hypoxic mouse lungs, IGFBP-1 mRNA expression is decreased whereas the mRNA for IGFBP-2 is increased. In contrast to IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 shows vaso-constrictive properties in the murine pulmonary vasculature. Our analyses show that IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 exhibit diverging effects on IGF-1 signaling and display a unique IGF1R-independent kinase activation pattern in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs), which represent a major contributor of PAH pathobiology. Furthermore, we could show that IGFBP-2, in contrast to IGFBP-1, induces epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, Stat-3 activation and expression of Stat-3 target genes. Based on our results, we conclude that the IGFBP family, especially IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3, are deregulated in PAH, that they affect IGF signaling and thereby regulate the cellular phenotype in PH.Item type: Item , Native hepatic T1-time as a non-invasive predictor of diastolic dysfunction and a monitoring tool for disease progression and treatment response in patients with pulmonary hypertension(2024) Kremer, Nils; Roller, Fritz C.; Kremer, Sarah; Schäfer, Simon; Kryvenko, Vitalii; Rako, Zvonimir A.; Brito da Rocha, Bruno R.; Yogeswaran, Athiththan; Seeger, Werner; Guth, Stefan; Wiedenroth, Christoph B.; Tello, KhodrAims: Hepatic T1-time derived from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) reflects venous congestion and may provide a simple alternative to invasive end-diastolic elastance (Eed) for assessment of right ventricular (RV) diastolic function. We investigated the association of native hepatic T1-time with single-beat Eed and the value of hepatic T1-time for longitudinal monitoring in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods and results: We retrospectively enrolled 85 patients with suspected PH (59% female; 78 with PH diagnosed; 7 with PH excluded) who underwent standard right heart catheterization and cMRI within 24 h between 2015 and 2020. Hepatic T1-time showed moderate to strong correlations (rho >0.3, P ≤ 0.002) with pulmonary vascular resistance, native myocardial T1-time, Eed, RV size and function, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, and 6-min walk distance, and a significant association with functional class (Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.001). Eed, myocardial T1-time, and BNP were independently linked to hepatic T1-time in multivariable regression. Hepatic T1-time > 598 ms predicted elevated Eed with 72.9% sensitivity and 82.1% specificity. Hepatic T1-time was superior to Eed in predicting clinical worsening. In 16 patients with follow-up assessments, those with decreasing hepatic T1-time (7 patients) showed significant hemodynamic improvements, whereas those with increasing hepatic T1-time (9 patients) did not. In a second retrospective cohort of 27 patients with chronic thromboembolic PH undergoing balloon pulmonary angioplasty, hepatic T1-time decreased significantly and hemodynamics improved after the procedure. Conclusions: Hepatic T1-time predicts RV diastolic dysfunction and prognosis, and may be useful for monitoring disease progression and treatment response in PH.Item type: Item , Feasibility Studies towards Accessing Generalised Distribution Amplitudes in Exclusive γ-Meson and γγ Production with PANDA at FAIR(2025) Khalid, FaizaUnderstanding the fundamental properties and interactions of the proton remains a central focus in contemporary hadron physics. Its internal structure and the dynamics of hadronic interactions can be explored through exclusive reactions involving antiproton–proton annihilation. This work presents a study of three exclusive channels: $\bar{p}$p → π⁰γ, $\bar{p}$p → π⁰π⁰, and $\bar{p}$p → γγ, with a focus on their potential to probe nucleon structure and reaction dynamics. The studies are performed at four discrete beam momenta of 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 GeV/c. These investigations are carried out in the framework of the PANDA experiment at the upcoming FAIR facility in Darmstadt, which will utilize a high-intensity antiproton beam in the momentum range of 1.5–15 GeV/c. Data samples for both the signal and all relevant background channels were generated and simulated using the PANDARoot framework. This study includes the optimization of the signal-to-background ratio, estimation of count rates, and determination of expected cross sections along with their statistical uncertainties. The results demonstrate that all relevant background channels can be sufficiently suppressed, confirming the feasibility of measuring these reactions at PANDA with sufficient accuracy to significantly advance the understanding of hadron structure in the time-like regime.Item type: Item , The EPPO/OLAF compendium of national procedures: Finland(2025) Hauck, Pierre; Schneider, Jan-MartinThis Finnish EPPO/OLAF volume provides comprehensive information for the EPPO/OLAF sector, including case law, legal sources, and relevant organizations. It also summarises the national legislation relating to Finnish EPPO investigations, with a focus on the criminal investigation procedure. The last section deals with investigative missions in connection with OLAF investigations in Finland.