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Item type: Item , Case Series Evaluating the Relationship of SGLT2 Inhibition to Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Non-Invasive Cardiopulmonary Parameters in HFpEF/HFmrEF Patients - A Pilot Study(2025) Herrmann, Ester Judith; Guckert, Michael; Gruen, Dimitri; Keller, Till; Tello, Khodr; Seeger, Werner; Sossalla, Samuel; Assmus, BirgitThe initiation of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor treatment was shown to reduce pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III heart failure (HF) patients with an implanted PAP sensor. We aimed to investigate the impact of SGLT2-I initiation on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC), and right ventricle (RV) to PA (RV-PA) coupling in a pilot cohort of HF with preserved/mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF/HFmrEF) patients and whether PVR and PCWP can be serially calculated non-invasively using PAP sensor data during follow-up. Methods: Right heart catheterization parameters (PVR, PCWP, and PAC) were obtained at sensor implantation and echocardiographic assessments (E/E’, RV-PA coupling, and RV cardiac output) were made at baseline and every 3 months. SGLT2 inhibition was initiated after 3 months of telemedical care. Three methods for calculating PVR and PCWP were compared using Bland–Altman plots and Spearman’s correlation. Results: In 13 HF patients (mean age 77 ± 4 years), there were no significant changes in PAP, PVR, PCWP, RV-PA coupling, or PAC over 9 months (all p-values > 0.05), including after SGLT2-I initiation. PVR values were closely correlated across the three methods (PVRNew and PVRNew Tedford (r = 0.614, p < 0.001), PVREcho and PVRNew Tedford (r = 0.446, p = 0.006), and PVREcho and PVRNew (r = 0.394, p = 0.016)), but PCWP methods lacked reliable association (PCWPEcho and PCWPNew (r = 0.180, p = 0.332). Conclusions: No changes in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were detected after hemodynamic telemonitoring either prior to or following SGLT2-I initiation. Different PVR assessment methods yielded comparable results, whereas PCWP methods were not associated with each other. Further investigations with larger cohorts including repeated right heart catheterization are planned.Item type: Item , Evaluating the Protective Effects of MitoQ and Antifreeze Protein III on Cryopreserved Canine Sperm(2025) Farshad, Abbas; Diel, Emilia; Wehrend, AxelCryopreservation can adversely affect sperm motility, structural integrity, and fertilization ability. This study investigated the effects of MitoQ and antifreeze protein III (AFP III) on frozen–thawed semen from eight adult dogs using a Tris–fructose extender. Ejaculates were divided and diluted with a standard Tris–fructose–egg yolk extender containing MitoQ (200 nM/mL) and AFP III (0.75, 1.0, 2.0 μg/mL), individually or combined. Post-thaw, samples were evaluated for motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis indicators, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species (ROS-H2O2). The results showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in motility rate, progressive motility, VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, and BCF with MitoQ or AFP alone. AFP III (0.75, 1.0 μg/mL) showed higher values than controls (p > 0.05), while MitoQ alone showed no significant effect. Viability and acrosome integrity improved with AFP III. Membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation were better in 0.75 and 1.0 μg/mL AFP III groups. ROS-H2O2 levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were unaffected except at 1.0 μg/mL AFP III. The phosphatidylserine translocation assay showed no significant differences in dead sperm between controls and individual treatments, but significant differences occurred with combined MitoQ/AFP III. In conclusion, AFP III and MitoQ in diluents protect canine sperm cells from cryodamage.Item type: Item , Re-identification of anonymised MRI head images with publicly available software: investigation of the current risk to patient privacy(2024) Steeg, Katharina; Bohrer, Evelyn; Schäfer, Stefan Benjamin; Vu, Viet Duc; Scherberich, Jan; Windfelder, Anton George; Krombach, Gabriele AnjaBackground: Facial recognition software (FRS) has historically been perceived as lacking the capability to identify individuals from cross-sectional medical images. Utilising such data for identification purposes was considered infeasible due to the substantial computational power and specialised technical expertise it would require. However, recent advancements in accessible artificial intelligence-based (AI-based) software and open-source tools have made these applications widely available and easy to use, raising new privacy concerns. Methods: This proof-of-concept was designed as a cross-sectional study and included participants with a verified online presence. Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) head scans were performed on these participants, from which three-dimensional rendering (3DR) images were created using free and publicly available software. These images were used for face searches by free and publicly available FRS. Different head orientations and hairstyles were applied to the 3DR images to assess whether non-facial features influenced the FRS results. All results were obtained between the 10th of February 2024 and the 1st of March 2024. Findings: Face searches of 3DR images in a database containing over 800 million images from the World Wide Web (WWW) yielded correct matches for 50% of the participants in less than 10 min. The user-friendly software required minimal computational knowledge or resources, making this process broadly accessible. Modifying elements such as hairstyles or the orientation of the 3DR to better resemble actual photographs of the participants improved FRS matches. Interpretation: Current existing FRS can swiftly and accurately identify individuals from MRI head scans. This poses a significant privacy risk for participants in enrolled clinical trials and highlights the urgent need for improved data protection measures and increased sensitivity to ensure participant confidentiality.Item type: Item , Grenzen politischer Willensbildung und kollektiver Denkstile im Globalisierungsprozess: Zum kommunikativen Umgang mit sozialer Ungleichheit und politischer Gewalt in der Weltgesellschaft(2003) Ottermann, RalfSowohl Wille als auch Fähigkeit, Fremdes zu verstehen - so die zentrale These des Beitrags - kovariieren mit der sozialstrukturell bedingten kognitiven, evaluativen und emotionalen Distanz zwischen Menschen, sozialen Gruppen und (Kultur-) Kreisen. Von kultureller Homogenität ist nicht auszugehen, vielmehr mit Phänomenen der Fremdheit auch in der eigenen Gesellschaft zu rechnen. Derjenige, der andere verstehen oder in ihrem gesamtgeistigen sowie handlungsleitenden Habitus beeinflussen will, muss sowohl deren als auch den eigenen soziokulturellen Hintergrund herausarbeiten und bedenken, weil nur vor diesen Hintergründen die unterschiedlichen Deutungsweisen sozialer Realität(en) zumindest annäherungsweise begreiflich, kritikfähig und behandelbar werden. Je fremder bzw. unvertrauter die (Denk-) Gewohnheiten (Habitus) und Deutungsrahmen (Frames), die ihren Trägem selbst als Besonderheiten ihrer milieutypischen und identitätsstiftenden Enkulturation weithin unbewusst, weil selbstverständlich sind, desto unverständlicher werden auch deren subjektive Theorien über die rationalen, normativen und affektuellen Gründe ihres Handelns.Item type: Item , Epithelial Factors Affecting Smooth Muscle Contraction of the Mouse Epididymis(2025) Haas, Dirk StefanUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common human bacterial infections, ascending up to the kidneys in severe cases. The epididymis, beyond its known functions in sperm maturation, storage, and transport, may also act through its epithelium as a sensory organ capable of detecting pathogens and initiating defensive response, i.e. contraction of its smooth muscles. This study investigates the role of epithelial taste receptor signaling, particularly the Trpm5 ion channel, in mediating smooth muscle contraction in the mouse epididymis. Using immunohistochemistry, a subpopulation of keratin5-positive basal cells with slender processes extending into the lumen was identified. Co-expression with GNAT3, representing the gustatory signaling cascade, and Dclk1, a marker for tuft cells, indicates the presence of the gustatory signaling cascade and the chemosensory nature of these cells, suggesting these cells may detect luminal stimuli, often linked to danger or infection. Time-lapse imaging experiments revealed that application of the bitter compound denatonium benzoate induced a statistically significant increase in contraction frequency in wild type mice, but not in Trpm5 knockout (KO) mice. These findings confirm the involvement of Trpm5-mediated signaling in the contractile response and suggest that epithelial chemosensory cells play a critical role in the defense mechanism of the epididymis. This mechanism may represent a key evolutionary adaptation for protecting ascending UTI.