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Validation of analog sensor measurements in hydrometeorological participatory monitoring in various tropical countries
(2026) Mitze, Fabian; Jacobs, Suzanne Robin; Breuer, Lutz; Zeballos, Jazmin Campos; Codalli, Fabia; Shagega, Frank Paul; Weeser, Björn
As remote tropical mountain regions often lack open data and traditional methods of collecting hydrometeorological data are not always feasible, this study validates an alternative participatory monitoring approach for collecting hydrometeorological data in mountainous regions in Ecuador, Honduras and Tanzania. Volunteers used analog low-cost sensors to measure air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and water level. The measurements were validated with photos taken alongside the measurements. Data from selected stations were additionally validated against automatic sensor data using different metrics, such as the mean absolute error (MAE). In addition, errors made by frequent and non-frequent participants were compared, assessing the performance of these two target groups. In the period between May 2023 and May 2025 a total of 2,982 observations were received, whereby the majority were submitted by frequent participants (84.4%). A comparison between frequent and non-frequent users showed that the former measured with higher accuracy. The comparison with automatic sensor data showed a correlation for all parameters ranging from 0.42 to 0.96. The best results in terms of accuracy were achieved for air temperature (MAE: 0.74 °C–1.65 °C) and water level (MAE: 0.04–0.08 m). On the other hand, a high deviation was found for relative humidity (MAE: 16.76%–31.69%). This deviation was corrected by applying linear regression, resulting in moderate deviation (MAE: 5.45%–9.50%). Rainfall had a MAE ranging from 2.55 to 3.10 mm. This was mainly attributed to the low measurement frequency and the limited capacity of the rain gauges. Overall, the study showed ambivalent results, where analog thermometers and water level gauges can be considered the most promising alternatives to automatic sensor measurements. However, the hygrometers only provided moderate measurement quality, while the rain gauges used were too small to cover all rainfall in the periods analyzed.
A bioinformatics and wet-lab-based pipeline identifies CLDN10 and GJB2 as epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes in cutaneous melanoma
(2026) Arroyo Villora, Sarah; Baumann, Veit Xaver; Zhao, Yufen; Philipp, Niklas; Dammann, Reinhard H.; Sigges, Cornelia; Richter, Antje Maria
Studying epigenetic changes in cancer development can reveal the role of tumor suppressor genes and their regulation by DNA methylation. CpG islands, found in promoter regions, are of particular interest, as their hypermethylation can silence tumor suppressor gene expression. Here, we present a practical analysis pipeline for wet-lab biologists with the aim of identify novel epigenetically regulated tumor suppressors using freely available online tools. Bioinformatic platforms such as the R2 Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform enable analysis of genomic organization, CpG islands, and regulatory elements. Differential methylation and gene expression analyses are based on datasets including TCGA, using tools such as MethSurv, TCGA Wanderer, and GEPIA2 to correlate DNA methylation with gene expression. This bioinformatic step is the basis for the tumor suppressor verification in the wet-lab. Using this pipeline, we identified CLDN10 and GJB2 as potential tumor suppressors in melanoma. Experimentally, our approach includes DNA methylation analysis based on DNA bisulfite conversion, combined bisulfite restriction analysis (CoBRA), pyrosequencing for specific CpG methylation quantification, and RT-PCR for RNA expression quantification. We verify these results in primary tumors, metastases, and cell line models. This approach supports efficient identification of novel epigenetically regulated tumor suppressors, providing practical research guidelines.
Changes in renal venous flow and liberation from renal replacement therapy in patients with acute heart failure
(2025) Husain-Syed, Faeq; Vaughan, Lisa; Bauer, Pascal; Tello, Khodr; Richter, Manuel J.; Gall, Henning; De la Espriella, Rafael; Cobo Marcos, Marta; Núñez, Julio; Rangaswami, Janani; Romero-González, Gregorio; Yücel, Gökhan; Yazdani, Babak; Rosner, Mitchell H.; Ronco, Claudio; Assmus, Birgit; Grimminger, Friedrich; Ghofrani, Hossein Ardeschir; Seeger, Werner; Birk, Horst-Walter; Kashani, Kianoush B.
Introduction: In acute heart failure (AHF), the factors associated with successful renal replacement therapy (RRT) discontinuation are largely undefined. We hypothesized that improvements in Doppler-derived renal venous flow (RVF) waveforms may serve as indicators of recovering cardiorenal function associated with successful liberation from RRT. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study involving inpatients with AHF undergoing serial renal Doppler evaluations. Patients who received acute RRT were retained for analysis, with Doppler assessments conducted both before RRT initiation and after discontinuation. Successful RRT discontinuation was defined as RRT cessation without relapse for at least 14 days. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between changes in RVF markers – including intra-renal venous flow (IRVF) and the renal venous stasis index (RVSI) – and RRT discontinuation, along with echocardiographic and clinical data from pre- to post-RRT Doppler measurements. Results: Overall, 10/53 (19%) patients successfully discontinued RRT. Increases in the severity of IRVF patterns and RVSI were negatively associated with RRT discontinuation (IRVF per 1-pattern increase in severity: OR 0.01, 95% CI, <0.001–0.11; p < 0.001; RVSI per 0.1-unit increase: OR 0.11, 95% CI, 0.03–0.48; p < 0.001). Additionally, improvements in right ventricular function markers, such as the TAPSE/sPAP ratio (per 0.1 mm/mm Hg increase: OR 1.83, 95% CI, 1.03–3.32; p = 0.049), were associated with higher odds of RRT discontinuation. Conclusions: In AHF patients requiring acute RRT, improvements in RVF were associated with successful RRT discontinuation. Serial RVF assessment may offer a noninvasive means of capturing dynamic changes in cardiorenal syndrome physiology and renal recovery. Larger studies with more frequent and appropriately timed Doppler assessments are needed to determine whether RVF monitoring may guide RRT management in AHF.
Low resistance interphase formation at the PEO-LiTFSI|LGPS interface in lithium solid-state batteries
(2025) Sigar, Ujjawal; Weintraut, Timo; Benz, Sebastian L.; Engün, Semih; Kremer, Sascha; Henss, Anja; Richter, Felix H.
Sulfide-based solid electrolytes (SEs) are among the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and low grain boundary resistance. However, their chemical and electrochemical instability when paired with lithium metal renders them susceptible to severe degradation reactions. To prevent contact between lithium metal and SEs, polymer electrolyte (PE) interlayers are proposed as a solution, enabling the potential use of SEs in lithium metal solid-state batteries. These interlayers, however, lead to the formation of rarely studied PE|SE interfaces, which significantly influence battery performance. This study examines the interphase formed and charge transfer process at the PE|SE interface between polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based PE and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) SE using a four-electrode cell configuration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) reveal that thermal degradation at the PEO-LiTFSI|LGPS interface leads to the formation of a low resistance interphase containing polysulfides (Sn2−), sulfites (SO32−), LiF, and P-[S]n-P type bridged PS43− units. Overall, the interface resistance is only 4.4 Ω cm2 at 80°C. Given the diverse chemical and electrochemical interactions of sulfide-based SEs with PEO-based PEs, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the low-resistive interphase, aiding in optimizing PE-SE combinations for lithium metal solid-state batteries.
Women smallholders build an agroecology food system : the construction of empowerment and food sovereignty
(2026) Ume, Chukwuma; Wahlen, Stefan; Nuppenau, Ernst-August; Domptail, Stéphanie
We investigate how a group of women smallholder farmers built a food system alongside the industrial and the corporate-state-led global agri-food system. The paper shows how the adoption of agroecological practices makes possible the creation of a parallel food system, modifying gender relations, and increasing autonomy and food sovereignty. Thereby, agroecology creates an environment prioritizing an economy of household and social reproduction. We urge policies to recognize systemic inequalities and power within industrial food systems, and their inability to address rural food security. Supporting community well-being, agroecology offers a sustainable solution for rural food security.