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C atoms versus Si atoms at the bridgehead positions of phenyl-decorated adamantane-type clusters: influence on the nonlinear optical response
(2026) Ziese, Ferdinand; Dehnen, Stefanie; Sanna, Simone
In order to explore the effect of the presence of CPh versus SiPh parts on the optical nonlinearities of phenyl-decorated adamantane-type clusters, the second harmonic generation (SHG) spectra of molecular clusters with the general formula [(CPh)x(SiPh)4−xS6] and x = 0,…, 4, are calculated within (hybrid) density functional theory. The stepwise replacement of C atoms with Si at the bridgehead positions leads to the blue-shift of the first SHG peak and to a redistribution of the spectral weights of the different signatures. The electronic transitions related to the SHG peaks are found to occur mainly at the substituents, which are common to all investigated compounds. However, the peak intensity strongly depends on the substitution induced distortion of the cluster core. Thus, although the cluster core is not directly involved in the genesis of the optical nonlinearities, it heavily impacts their intensity. The presented results suggest that reducing the core symmetry provides a pathway to enhance the SHG response of the clusters and yields a theoretical foundation for the design of nonlinear optical materials with tailored properties.
A word of caution - potential limitations of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in detecting congestion caused by right-sided heart failure
(2025) Herrmann, Ester Judith; Herrmann, Eva; Tello, Khodr; Mantzsch, Kathleen; Tekeste, Meaza; Fichtlscherer, Stephan; Hamm, Christian W.; Assmus, Birgit
Background/Objectives: Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III heart failure (HF) suffer from frequent hospitalizations. Non-invasive pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) sensor-guided HF care has been shown to reduce hospitalizations. However, it is unknown whether the PAP changes prior to hospitalization differ between clinical right, left or global cardiac decompensation. Methods: Sensor-derived PAP data and HF hospitalization records from 41 patients with NYHA class III HF were classified ret-rospectively into predominantly left, right or global decompensation. Linear mixed-effect regression models were used for statistical evaluations of the PAP in selected hospitalizations for which admission was at least 28 days after the last admission and 14 days after the last hospital discharge and with readings in between. Results: During 24.4 months of follow-up, 127 hospitalizations in 38 patients were evaluated. The global cardiac de-compensation (n = 13) had the highest PAP before hospitalization, followed by left-sided (n = 20) decompensation. Patients with right-sided decompensation (n = 9) had comparable PAP values before hospitalization to the cohort without any cardiac decompensation (n = 85). The diastolic PAP showed a significant increase of 0.035 mmHg/day (p = 0.0097) in left-sided decompensation and of 0.13 mmHg/day (p < 0.0001) in global cardiac decompensation, whereas no significant change in the diastolic PAP occurred prior to the right-sided decompensation. The baseline right ventricular function and right ventricle–pulmonary arterial coupling (TAPSE/PASP ratio) were impaired in patients with subsequent global cardiac decompensation. Conclusion: PAP telemonitoring-guided therapy can reliably detect early signs of left and global cardiac decompensation but may be limited in detecting right-sided cardiac congestion. The routine assessment of RV–PA coupling may improve the detection of global cardiac decompensation, as severe impairments could indicate impending deterioration. In contrast, monitoring the RV contractility may aid in identifying isolated right-sided congestion and imminent decompensation.
Revisiting pulmonary fibrosis: inflammatory dynamics of the lipofibroblast-to-inflammatory lipofibroblast-to-activated myofibroblast reversible switch
(2025) Panagiotidis, Georgios-Dimitrios; Vasquez-Pacheco, Esmeralda; Chu, Xuran; Seeger, Werner; El Agha, Elie; Bellusci, Saverio; Lingampally, Arun
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and irreversible lung damage. A key driver of disease progression is the phenotypic shift of lipofibroblasts (LIFs) into activated myofibroblasts (aMYFs), triggered by sustained epithelial injury, caused by inflammation, oxidative stress, viral infections (e.g., influenza, SARS-CoV-2), and metabolic dysfunction. Emerging evidence demonstrates that this transition is reversible, with pharmacological agents that promote aMYF-to-LIF reprogramming contributing to fibrosis resolution. The identification of inflammatory lipofibroblasts (iLIFs) Highlights the importance of inflammation in fibrosis progression. Inflammation, mediated by IL-1b, IL-17A, and TGF- b, sustain aMYF activation, while immune cells shape fibrosis formation. This review combines current insights on the cellular and molecular pathways controlling fibroblast differentiation, highlighting key metabolic, immunologic, and oxidative stress-modulating targets for therapeutic intervention. Understanding and manipulating the LIF-iLIF-aMYF axis offers a promising strategy for reversing fibrosis and restoring pulmonary homeostasis in IPF
Safety and efficacy of add-on intra-arterial thrombolysis after intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke and cerebral vessel occlusion
(2025) Diel, Norma J.; Woelk, Kai Bernhard; Mrochen, Anne; Posner, Oliver; Worm, Andre; Alhaj Omar, Omar; Claudi, Christian; Schramm, Patrick; Struffert, Tobias; Huttner, Hagen B.
Introduction: For acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO), the currently established treatment strategy of combined intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is not sufficiently effective in all patients. Intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) as an adjunct to IVT/EVT may improve outcomes but may also increase the rate of hemorrhagic complications. Methods: This observational study analyzed data from the Giessen Stroke Registry (GIST; NCT05295862) between May 2022 and June 2024. Patients with AIS and LVO who received both IVT and EVT were included. A subset of patients received additional IAT (triple treatment, TT). Using 1:1 propensity score matching, 33 TT patients were compared with 33 controls who received only IVT + EVT. Primary outcomes were hemorrhagic complications (ECASS classification), and secondary outcomes included reperfusion rates, ASPECTS scores, 7-day mortality, and functional outcomes. Results: Baseline characteristics were balanced between the TT and the control group. The primary outcome was not significantly different with a rate of hemorrhagic complications of 3/33 (9%) in the TT group and 4/33 (12%) in the control group (OR 0.725, 95% CI 0.149–3.525). Secondary outcomes showed no significant differences with respect to rates of successful reperfusion, ASPECTS scores or 7-day mortality rates between TT and the control group. Conclusion: Triple treatment (IVT, EVT, and IAT) did not significantly improve clinical outcomes compared to IVT and EVT alone. However, TT was safe without signs of increased bleeding complications. TT should not be routinely used until further evidence verifies safety and substantiates a possible benefit in specific patient populations.
Empirical Analysis of Non- Monetary Benefits of Education, Social Networks and Trust
(2025) Hagge, Kyra Selina
In a time when humans revert more and more to the use of technology to mediate human interaction, it remains vital to underline the importance of resources embedded in social ties to individual as well as collective well-being. Alongside economic returns, we now recognize a host of non-monetary returns from human connection, such as social support, trust, and networks (Domínguez & Watkins, 2003; Gagliardi et al., 2020; Viry et al., 2017). Under contemporary challenges such as increasing geographic mobility, migration, and environmental degradation, there is a need to understand how these social resources are accessed and mobilized, and which individual characteristics help people to do so. Education is not only connected to increased labor market returns; higher levels of schooling go along with improved mental and physical health, including self-rated health, higher life expectancy and lower incidences of disease, among others (Herd et al., 2007; Link et al., 2008). One possible pathway goes through social networks; education leads to denser social networks, which expand the access to social support (Coleman, 1988; Lin, 2001). Having access to education is therefore crucial for personal success, health and well-being. Migrants often have more patchy education paths, their degrees might not be equivalent in the host country (Sentell & Braun, 2012) and do not speak the host country’s language as proficiently (Walton et al., 2009) which raises concerns about inequality in access to social resources. Feelings of trust, which are also embedded in and shaped by social relationships, and knowledge of eco-labels matter for sustainable consumer behavior (Giddens, 1990; Thøgersen, 2000). In understanding sustainable behavior too, education and social resources lead to an array of non-monetary benefits. This dissertation consists of four different contributions, each addressing a distinct question - ranging from migrants’ access to social support, to the effects of residential mobility on family ties, to the role of education in bridging spatial distances within social networks, to the importance of trust and eco-label knowledge in promoting sustainable consumption - together they advance a common argument: that individual well-being and behavior are shaped by intangible resources embedded in social relationships, institutions and knowledge systems. These resources are present independent of economic returns, which underlines the need for a deeper understanding of the value of education and social relationships.