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Social Metabolism and Material Flow Analysis: Household Resource Use and Throughput in a Conservancy in Zambezi, Namibia
(2026) Fuhrmann, Jenny; Kadhikwa, Sakeus; Domptail, Stéphanie
The data were collected as part of the ELNAC project (Enhanced Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management under Accelerated Climate Change: A large landscape social-ecological systems approach; https://sasscal.org/sasscal-ii-research-portfolio/). This dataset was collected in a single conservancy in the Zambezi region of Namibia using the ‘Kobo Tool’ application (https://www.kobotoolbox.org/). The data were collected to support a material flow analysis (MFA), which records the extraction of resources – including quantities of natural resources and artefacts – as well as the extraction of biomass from agriculture, fisheries and forestry. The surveys of this dataset were carried out in 156 households. Over the course of the year, four similar data collections were carried out in the KAZA region. The other datasets that are related to this dataset are linked within this dataset – and vice versa. We have decided to publish each dataset separately, as different people were involved in the process and there are minor variations in the metadata and in how the surveys were carried out. Please therefore read all the information relating to these datasets separately. All the information required to understand the dataset can be found in the metadata file attached to this dataset (Metadata for Site_1.pdf).
Social Metabolism and Material Flow Analysis: Household Resource Use and Throughput in a Village in Cuando, Angola
(2026) Ume, Chukwuma; Valentino, Noel; Domptail, Stéphanie
The data were collected as part of the ELNAC project (Enhanced Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management under Accelerated Climate Change: A large landscape social-ecological systems approach; https://sasscal.org/sasscal-ii-research-portfolio/). This dataset was collected in a village in Cuando, located on the Cubango River, Angola using the ‘Kobo Tool’ application (https://www.kobotoolbox.org/). The data were collected to support a material flow analysis (MFA), which records the extraction of resources – including quantities of natural resources and artefacts – as well as the extraction of biomass from agriculture, fisheries and forestry. Additionally, the dataset includes information on waste generation and emissions, such as solid waste production, wastewater discharge, and CO₂ emissions. The surveys of this dataset were conducted in 72 households. Over the course of the year, four similar data collections were carried out in the KAZA region. The other datasets that are related to this dataset are linked within this dataset – and vice versa. We have decided to publish each dataset separately, as different people were involved in the process and there are minor variations in the metadata and in how the surveys were carried out. Please therefore read all the information relating to these datasets separately. All the information required to understand the dataset can be found in the metadata file attached to this dataset (Metadata for Site_2.pdf).
Social Metabolism and Material Flow Analysis: Household Resource Use and Throughput in a Village within a Conservancy in the Zambezi, Namibia
(2026) Fuhrmann, Jenny; Kadhikwa, Sakeus; Domptail, Stéphanie Eileen
The data were collected as part of the ELNAC project (Enhanced Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management under Accelerated Climate Change: A large landscape social-ecological systems approach; https://sasscal.org/sasscal-ii-research-portfolio/). This dataset was collected in a village within a conservancy in the Zambezi region of Namibia using the ‘Kobo Tool’ application (https://www.kobotoolbox.org/). The data were gathered to support a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) which involves tracking resource extraction, including quantities of natural resources and artifacts, as well as biomass extraction from agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. The surveys of this dataset were conducted in 144 households covering the entire village population. Over the course of the year, four similar data collections were carried out in the KAZA region. The other datasets that are related to this dataset are linked within this dataset – and vice versa. We have decided to publish each dataset separately, as different people were involved in the process and there are minor variations in the metadata and in how the surveys were carried out. Please therefore read all the information relating to these datasets separately. All the information required to understand the dataset can be found in the metadata file attached to this dataset (Metadata for Site_3.pdf).
Social Metabolism and Material Flow Analysis: Household Resource Use and Throughput in a Village in the Liuwa Plain National Park, Zambia
(2026) Asar, Timo; Chbib, Hani; Chukwuma, Ume; Fuhrmann, Jenny; Domptail, Stéphanie
The data were collected as part of the ELNAC project (Enhanced Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management under Accelerated Climate Change: A large landscape social-ecological systems approach; https://sasscal.org/sasscal-ii-research-portfolio/). This dataset was collected in a village located in the Mishulundu Area of Liuwa Plain National Park, Western Province of Zambia using the ‘Kobo Tool’ application (https://www.kobotoolbox.org/). The data were gathered to support a Material and Energy Flow Analysis (MEFA) within the context of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). The dataset includes information on biomass stocks and flows, resource extraction, agricultural production, fisheries, livestock, household artefacts, cash flows, food consumption, and other livelihood activities. In addition, it contains data relevant to the estimation of waste generation and emissions, including solid waste, wastewater, and CO₂ emissions. The surveys of this dataset were conducted in 42 households covering the entire village population. Over the course of the year, four similar data collections were carried out in the KAZA region. The other datasets that are related to this dataset are linked within this dataset – and vice versa. We have decided to publish each dataset separately, as different people were involved in the process and there are minor variations in the metadata and in how the surveys were carried out. Please therefore read all the information relating to these datasets separately. All the information required to understand the dataset can be found in the metadata file attached to this dataset (Metadata for Site_4.pdf).
Characterization and Engineering of Basidiomycota-derived Lipases: Structural Insights and Optimization of hydrolytic Selectivity and Stability
(2026) Henrich, Lea
In the production of piquant cheese varieties, such as Feta and Provolone, pregastric esterases (PGEs) are commonly used to generate characteristic piquant flavor profiles. These enzymes hydrolyze triglycerides present in milk fat during cheese ripening, releasing volatile free fatty acids that contribute to the distinctive aroma of these cheeses. These enzymes are traditionally derived from animal origin, and their use conflicts with the requirements for foods labeled as vegetarian, kosher, or halal. This interference raises the demand for enzymes with similar activity but of different origin. A lipase from the basidiomycete Pleurotus citrinopileatus (PCI_Lip) has been identified as a promising fungal substitute. To further adapt its catalytic properties to those of PGEs, a semi-rational protein engineering approach was applied to modify the chain length specificity for cheese production. Key residues influencing substrate specificity were identified in silico based on an AlphaFold3 model of PCI_Lip. In three rounds of mutagenesis, a small but smart library was generated. The library was screened for mutants with increased release of short to medium chain fatty acids and reduced release of long chain fatty acids. Alteration of substrate specificity was proven by changes in kinetic values compared to the wild type (WT) enzyme. Mutants with improved hydrolysis profiles were used for cheese production. The analysis of volatile free fatty acids and sensory evaluation showed that some mutants are suitable substitutes for PGEs. For a comprehensive characterization, stability, effects of immobilization, and regioselectivity of PCI_Lip were examined. The lipase was found to be highly thermostable with the potential to further increase its stability through suitable buffers and additives, as well as by immobilization. In the hydrolysis of triglycerides, the enzyme prefers the outer ester positions, therefore being characterized as an sn 1,3-selective lipase. Investigations on further Basidiomycota-derived lipases gave deeper insights into the structure and function of these enzymes. The characterization of a Pleurotus sapidus lipase (PSA_Lip) showed its thermostability and alkali tolerance. Besides activity on fatty acid esters, PSA_Lip was also active on ferulic acid esters. Sequence alignments with other hydrolases revealed that it does not belong to the big group of the α/β-hydrolases but displays a unique SGNH-like motif in the active site of the enzyme. The comparison of PCI_Lip with a lipase from Phlebia centrifuga (PCE_Lip) emphasized the role of the lid domain. A lack of this domain could be connected to reduced solubility and activity. The present work provides a comprehensive characterization of PCI_Lip and demonstrates strategies to optimize its catalytic properties and stability for various industrial applications. Through a combination of structural analysis, protein engineering, and immobilization techniques, the enzyme can be adapted to different parameters such as substrate selectivity and thermostability, making it applicable in various biotechnological applications. Comparative results with other Basidiomycota-derived lipases contribute to a better understanding of fungal hydrolases.