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Item type: Item , Increasing microplastic concentrations have nonlinear impacts on the physiology of reef-building corals(2025) Tirpitz, Vanessa; Hutter, Mona; Hutter, Hanna; Prume, Julia; Koch, Martin; Wilke, Thomas; Reichert, JessicaThe pollution of marine environments with plastics, particularly microplastic (MP, i.e., plastic particles <5 mm), is a major threat to marine biota, including corals. While the effects of MPs are increasingly well understood, knowledge of how different concentrations of naturally occurring MP mixtures affect reef-building corals is still limited. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the relationship of MP concentrations and their effects on reef-building corals. For this, we exposed two reef-building coral species (Stylophora pistillata and Pocillopora verrucosa) in a 12-week experiment to MPs at a gradient of concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg⋅L 1). Specifically, we examined effects on the coral host physiology (i.e., surface and volume growth, calcification, necrosis, and polyp activity), and the photosynthetic activity of the photosymbionts (i.e., effective and maximum quantum yield, maximum relative electron transport rate, minimum saturating irradiance, and light capture efficiency). To mimic natural conditions, we used a MP mixture consisting of six polymers in forms of fibers and fragments. Both coral species showed reduced growth rates, necrosis, lower polyp activity, and an upregulation of photosynthesis, which intensified with increasing MP concentrations. While the effects on the coral host mostly showed basic linear or nonlinear dose-response relationships, the effects on the photosymbionts revealed more complex nonlinear dose-response relationships, and photosynthesis was only upregulated after a species-specific threshold. We found that high and extreme pollution scenarios caused strong adverse effects on coral physiology, while current low to moderate concentrations had minor effects. Increasing concentrations had amplifying effects, likely due to the disproportionately higher frequency of entanglement, leading to more frequent direct contact and potential transfer of toxins or pathogens. These results suggest that corals can cope with current average pollution levels. However, they also highlight the need for measures to limit permanent increases of MP pollution to protect the health of coral reefs.Item type: Item , Data for "London Dispersion Favors cis-Selectivity in the Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky Epoxidation"(2026-02-13) Domanski, Marvin H. J.Contains 1H and 13C Data for all new compounds (as listed below) to accompany 'London Dispersion Favors cis-Selectivity in the Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky Epoxidation' 1-[(3,5-Diethylphenyl)methyl] tetrahydrothiophenium tetrafluoroborate 1-[(3,5-Di-iso-propyl-phenyl)methyl] tetrahydrothiophenium tetrafluoroborate 1-[(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)methyl] tetrahydrothiophenium tetrafluoroborate 1-[(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-phenyl)methyl] tetrahydrothiophenium tetrafluoroborate 1-[(Phenyl)methyl]tetrahydrothiophenium tetrafluoroborate Anti-1,2-Bis[3,5-di-tert-butyl]phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl) sulfonium iodide Syn-1,2-Bis[3,5-di-tert-butyl]phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl) sulfonium iodide filename format (in order): (1H or 13C NMR) - Compound name data format (as separated rows): chemical shift, IntensityItem type: Item , Raw data for a Pacific white shrimp feeding trial using black soldier fly meal as a fishmeal substitute(2026-02-14) Bendag, SlimThe dataset contains the raw data from a 42-day randomised controlled feeding trial investigating the effects of replacing fishmeal with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal in pelleted diets on the performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The trial compared three dietary treatments: a control diet containing 0% replacement (0R), a diet with 50% fishmeal replacement (50R), and a diet with 100% fishmeal replacement (100R). Outcomes assessed included water quality, growth performance, survival, body composition, and fatty acid profile. The dataset consists of three data sheets: 1. Raw data for water quality parameters, including all recorded water quality variables measured throughout the 42-day trial across the three dietary treatments (0R, 50R, and 100R). Named: “Raw data table 1: Raw data of the water parameters measured in a 42-day randomized controlled feeding trial evaluating the effects of fishmeal replacement with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal in pelleted diets (50% and 100% replacement levels) compared to a control diet (0% replacement) on growth performance, survival, body composition, and fatty acid profile of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).” 2. Raw individual growth performance data, collected at two sampling points (21 and 42 days), including initial and final length, initial and final weight, feed input, calculated weight gain (%), length gain (%), specific weight growth rate (% per day), specific length growth rate (% per day), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for each treatment group (0R, 50R, and 100R). Named: “Raw data table 2: Raw individual growth performance data collected at two sampling points (21 and 42 days) during a 42-day randomized controlled feeding trial evaluating the effects of fishmeal replacement with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal in pelleted diets (50% and 100% replacement levels) compared to a control diet (0% replacement) on growth performance, survival, body composition, and fatty acid profile of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).” 3. Statistical analysis of growth parameters, including treatment means ± standard deviations, results of Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality, Levene’s tests for homogeneity of variance, p-values from one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests (as appropriate), and post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey’s HSD (parametric) or Dunn’s test (non-parametric) at 21 and 42 days of sampling. Named: “Raw data table 3: Statistical analysis of growth parameters at 21 and 42 days of sampling in a 42-day randomized controlled feeding trial evaluating the effects of fishmeal replacement with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal in pelleted diets (50% and 100% replacement levels) compared to a control diet (0% replacement) on growth performance, survival, body composition, and fatty acid profile of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and homogeneity of variances was evaluated using Levene’s test. Differences among treatments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA when assumptions were met or the Kruskal–Wallis test when assumptions were violated. Post hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s HSD test for parametric data or Dunn’s test for non-parametric data, with corresponding p-values reported.”Item type: Item , Raw data for a study investigating sustainable tank construction materials for shrimp aquaculture(2025-05-30) Bendag SlimRaw data for a study investigating sustainable tank construction materials for shrimp aquaculture The dataset contains the raw data from a randomised controlled trial investigating whether wood can serve as a sustainable alternative tank construction material in Pacific white shrimp (PWS) aquaculture. The trial compared the effects of tanks lined with Douglas fir wood, oak wood, and conventional fibreglass reinforced plastic (FRP) on shrimp survival, growth, and feed conversion rates over a 42-day period. The dataset consists of five data sheets 1 to 5: 1. Raw data for water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, nitrite, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate) measured weekly in 12 aquaria over the course of the 42-day trial across the three tank material treatments (FRP, Douglas fir, and oak). Named “Table S1: Raw data of the water parameters measured weekly in a 42-day controlled trial investigating the effect of tank material on growth and survival parameters of Pacific white shrimp”. 2. Raw data for growth and feed conversion parameters of Pacific white shrimp (PWS), including initial and final body weight, feed input, mortality, calculated weight gain (%), specific growth rate (% per day), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) per tank for each treatment group. Named “Table S2: Raw data from a 42-day controlled trial investigating the effect of tank material (oak, Douglas fir and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) as control) on growth parameters and survival of Pacific white shrimp. Treatment names correspond to the respective type of material used to cover 60% of the trial aquariums' surface. For figure 2 (A: Survival rate, C: Weight gain, D: Specific growth rate and E: Feed conversion ratio)”. 3. Raw data for survival analysis, including individual survival time (in days), mortality events (1 = death, 0 = survival), and corresponding treatment codes (1 = FRP, 2 = Douglas fir, 3 = oak) for the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Named “Table S3: Raw data for Figure 2B and the Kaplan-Meier survival time analysis for a 42-day controlled trial investigating the effect of tank material on growth and survival parameters of Pacific white shrimp. Days correspond to the days that an individual shrimp survived; Event correspond to the Death event, 0 = Survival and 1=Death; Treatment refers to codes for the treatments where 1, 2 and 3 correspond respectively to Fiberglass reinforced plastic, Douglas fir and oak”. 4. Information on statistical analyses conducted, including results of Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance and Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, treatment means ± standard deviations for all key outcome parameters, p-values for ANOVA and post hoc Tukey pairwise comparisons between treatments (for survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio), and p-values and pairwise comparisons for the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Named “Table S4: Statistical summary of survival, growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion performance of Pacific white shrimp (PWS) reared in tanks lined with fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), Douglas fir, and oak wood”. 5. Raw Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) data from water samples collected at three sampling time points during a 42-day controlled trial investigating the effect of tank material (fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), Douglas fir, and oak) on growth and survival parameters of Pacific white shrimp. For each detected chromatographic peak, retention time (tR), average peak area (with a peak area filter of >10000 counts), standard deviation of peak area, and relative peak area (%) are reported separately for each sampling time point. Tentative compound identification based on NIST mass spectral library matching, including suggested compound name, CAS registry number, and reverse match score (R-Match), is provided where available. Named “Raw wood extractive profile: Raw temporal Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) water chemical profiles measured at S1 (start of trial), S2 (day 21), and S3 (end of trial) during a 42-day controlled trial assessing temporal qualitative changes in wood extractives in water exposed to fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), Douglas fir, and oak as aquaculture tank materials”Item type: Item , Leveraging the diversity of Beta maritima populations for sugar beet breeding(2025) Bertram, LisaSea beet (Beta maritima) populations are of critical importance for sugar beet breeding because they represent a rich reservoir of genetic diversity and adaptive traits that have been lost during domestication. Their ability to thrive in diverse and challenging environments makes them invaluable for improving the resilience of cultivated sugar beet. This thesis investigates the genetic diversity of sea beet populations and their practical relevance for sugar beet breeding, combining a broad literature review, empirical population studies, and simulation-based breeding design. The work addresses the urgent need to broaden the genetic base of cultivated sugar beet, which has been narrowed by intensive breeding, by leveraging the rich genetic resources found in sea beet populations. The first objective was to assess the current state of research on Beta maritima diversity. The literature review reveals extensive morphological and genetic variation across European and North African populations, shaped by geography and local environmental pressures. Phenotypic diversity often exceeds genetic differentiation, emphasizing the influence of environmental factors and the need for genetic analyses to complement morphological studies. The review also highlights significant gaps in the genetic characterization of Mediterranean populations. The second objective was to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of three Northern Atlantic Beta maritima populations using high-density SNP markers. Within this study, a total of 1,363 genotypes across three populations from Denmark, France, and Ireland were analyzed using 16,201 SNP markers. The findings reveal genetic variation among the populations, with the Irish population exhibiting the highest genetic diversity and pronounced population structure. The Danish population showed low genetic diversity and minimal population structure, while the French population displayed intermediate levels of both. In the Irish population, a pronounced population structure was detected even within a very small geographic area, illustrating that genetic diversity and population structure are shaped by more than just geographical distance. Also, all populations exhibit unique polymorphisms. This highlights the importance of in situ conservation to preserve unique genetic variants, as well as the need for broad sampling and comprehensive testing to fully uncover useful genetic diversity regions. The third objective was to evaluate how population characteristics influence the power and accuracy of genome-wide association studies for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL). The study found that the low minor allele frequencies within sea beet populations require larger sample sizes to ensure rare alleles are adequately represented and statistical power is maintained. Populations with greater genetic diversity, such as those from France and Ireland, offer more potential for trait mapping, but strong substructure poses analytical challenges that must be addressed to avoid confounding effects. Careful consideration of population structure is essential to avoid false positives and misleading conclusions. Nevertheless, these populations offer great potential when analysis is carried out correctly and population structure is accounted for appropriately. The final objective was to simulate and compare crossing strategies between wild and elite genotypes to optimize mapping populations based on sea beet populations for QTL discovery, especially for complex traits like yield and drought tolerance. Simulation-based studies showed that mapping populations containing a high proportion of sea beet genome (up to 50%) have the greatest power to detect rare alleles, even those present at frequencies below 1%. However, practical breeding requires at least 75% elite genome content for reliable phenotyping, as wild traits can hinder trait evaluation. Crossing designs based on elite × wild beet F1s, followed by testcrossing, strike the best balance between maintaining wild allele representation and enabling proper phenotyping. This approach offers a practical solution for integrating wild genetic diversity into sugar beet breeding programs and can be adapted for other outcrossing crop species. By combining empirical population studies with simulation-based breeding design, this thesis provides a robust framework for leveraging wild genetic resources in breeding. The insights gained in this thesis not only contribute to sugar beet breeding but also serve as a model for utilizing crop wild relatives in other breeding programs, emphasizing the importance of in situ conservation, broad sampling, and integrative approaches.