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Efficacy of feeding grape by-products on performance, nutrient digestibility, gut morphology, gut microbial community, oxidative stress and immune response in fast-growing broilers
(2025) Ringseis, Robert; Eder, Klaus; Gessner, Denise K.
By-products from winemaking, such as grape pomace, grape seeds, grape skins, or extracts made from them, represent a cost-effective and sustainable bioresource. These by-products are a source of polyphenolic compounds, plant fibers and—in the case of seeds—essential fatty acids with various health-promoting effects for livestock. Numerous studies involving fast-growing broiler breeds—which often suffer from metabolic inflammation and oxidative stress due to disproportionate breast muscle growth leading to issues like cardiorespiratory insufficiency—indicate that supplementing feed with grape by-products improves performance, particularly weight gain and feed efficiency. This literature review demonstrates that the performance-enhancing effects of grape by-products in fast-growing broiler breeds can be attributed to various mechanisms such as improved nutrient digestibility, a positive influence on intestinal morphology and integrity, the favorable modulation of the microbial community in the gut, the inhibition of oxidative stress or the enhancement of the antioxidant defense system, and the stimulation of the immune response.
Genome sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of the commercially important bamboo, Bambusa tulda Roxb
(2026) Kundu, Sutrisha; Rupp, Oliver; Dey, Sonali; Basak, Mridushree; Bera, Sudeshna; Becker, Annette; Das, Malay
Bambusa tulda Roxb., a member of the Bambusoideae subfamily, is an ecologically and commercially important plant resource widely distributed in the Indian subcontinent. Our study reports long-read PacBio HiFi sequencing and genome assembly of B. tulda. the de novo haploid genome assembly of B. tulda predicted 43 contigs, distributed across three subgenomes, with a total sequenced length of 1.37 Gb, contig N50 of 35.69 Mb, and BUSCO score 99%. Repetitive elements constitute 63.31% of the genome. Functional annotation predicted 56,890 protein-coding genes, constituting 19.44% of the genome. this genome sequence will serve as an invaluable resource for future studies on the life history traits, phylogenomic analysis, comparative genomics, and targeted genome modification for important trait improvement of B. tulda
Tho1 and MOS11 promote nucleic acid double-strand unwinding by facilitating DEAD-box helicase oligomerization
(2026) Becker, Fabienne; Miosga, Matthias Bastian; Mannan, Minhaz; Bettenworth, Vera; Steinchen, Wieland; Sträßer, Katja; Friedhoff, Peter
DEAD-box helicases are essential for gene expression and RNA metabolism. However, the mechanisms regulating their activity remain largely elusive. The DEAD-box helicase DDX39B/UAP56 forms a 2:1 complex with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA-binding protein Tho1, but the functional relevance of this interaction is still elusive. Here, we show that the Tho1-CTD stimulates the helicase activity of Sub2, the yeast homologue of DDX39B/UAP56, by acting as a rigid scaffold that promotes Sub2 oligomerization on RNA. The Tho1-CTD has two conserved α-helical motifs, each interacting with one Sub2, and we demonstrate that both motifs are essential for the stimulation. This scaffolding mechanism is shared across species, as the Tho1 ortholog MOS11 from Arabidopsis thaliana stimulates A. thaliana UAP56. Interestingly, MOS11 has five of the conserved α-helical motifs, which are connected by flexible linkers. We show that the number and spatial separation of these motifs are critical for stimulation and that MOS11 stimulates unwinding on a broader range of substrates than the Tho1-CTD. The cofactor-mediated helicase oligomerization is reminiscent of the self-oligomerization observed for other DEAD-box helicases. Furthermore, our data illustrate how cofactor architecture affects substrate specificity and provide a comprehensive mechanistic framework for cofactor-mediated helicase activation.
Ausländerpolizeirecht vor und nach 1945. Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten
(2026) Tiedemann, Paul
Der Aufsatz stellt die Anfänge des positivierten Ausländerpolizeirechts in Preußen dar sowie das Ausländerpolizeirecht und das Ausländerarbeitsrecht unter dem Nationalsozialismus und deren Rezeption in der jungen Bundesrepublik.
Optimization and validation of the thermochromic performance of a trilayer coating of TiO 2 /VO 2 /TiO 2 for smart windows
(2025) Becker, Martin; Wollenweber-Bienerth, Yan Ravil; Hartmann, Saskia; Polity, Angelika; Chatterjee, Sangam; Klar, Peter J.
Global energy consumption and the imperative to mitigate climate change have driven the exploration of innovative technologies to enhance energy efficiency in buildings. Among these, smart windows utilizing thermochromic vanadium dioxide-based materials as active materials have emerged as a promising avenue. These windows dynamically modulate their optical properties in response to environmental conditions, helping to reduce the Energy consumption for heating/cooling of the building. However, the practical implementation of VO2-based smart windows faces challenges related to optimizing their performance and durability. In this context, this review advocates for further research into VO2-based smart windows incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) Buffer layers and TiO2 antireflection (AR) coatings. Rutile TiO2 Buffer layers are used to promote growth of the VO2 functional films. Additionally, TiO2 antireflection coatings can improve the optical performance of smart windows by minimizing reflections and maximizing light transmission. This work highlights how TiO2-based layers may be used to form a multilayer system surrounding the active VO2 layer in order to enhance the efficiency of VO2-based smart windows. The proposed application of rutile TiO2 buffer layers and anatase TiO2 AR layers holds promise for advancing the development of energy-efficient building technologies.