Willkommen bei JLUpub
JLUpub ist das institutionelle Repositorium der Justus-Liebig-Universität.
JLUpub bietet Mitgliedern und Angehörigen der Universität die Möglichkeit neben wissenschaftlichen Dokumenten auch Forschungsdaten elektronisch zu veröffentlichen und dauerhaft zugänglich zu machen. Alle Veröffentlichungen erhalten einen Digital Object Identifier (DOI) und werden über nationale und internationale Bibliothekskataloge sowie Suchmaschinen nachgewiesen und auffindbar.
Neue Veröffentlichungen:
Einfluss von neu aufgetretenem postoperativem Vorhofflimmern auf das atriale Substrat, das Risiko für Vorhofflimmern und die Mortalität
(2024) Rau, Christian Peter Erich
Einleitung: Postoperatives Vorhofflimmern (POAF) ist eine häufige Komplikation nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss POAF auf die Lebensqualität, die Morbidität und die Mortalität hat und ob der Einfluss von POAF auf das atriale Substrat mittels einfacher Prädiktoren abgeschätzt werden kann.
Methoden: Von 212 PatientInnen, die zwischen Juni 2016 und August 2017 in Gießen herzchirurgisch operiert wurden, entwickelten 50 PatientInnen POAF. Mittels Propensity-Score-Matching wurden jeweils eine SR- und eine POAF-Kohorte á 45 PatientInnen generiert. Es wurden Daten präoperativ und nach 45 Monaten im Rahmen einer Follow-up Untersuchung erhoben. Dabei wurde mittels Fragebögen die Lebensqualität erfasst, Vitalparameter und EKG erfasst, transthorakale Echokardiografie sowie ein 6-Minuten Gehtest durchgeführt und Blutwerte erhoben.
Ergebnisse: Von den 90 einbestellten PatientInnen waren bereits 21 (POAF: 13 vs. SR: 8; p = 0,213) verstorben, fünf (6 %) lehnten eine Untersuchung ab. Keine/r der untersuchten PatientInnen zeigte zum Follow-up Vorhofflimmern. Bei neun PatientInnen (POAF: 6 vs. SR: 3; p = 0,285) wurden zurückliegende Flimmerereignisse dokumentiert. Im SF-12 schnitten beide Kohorten im Vergleich zur altersentsprechenden Norm im MCS geringfügig schlechter ab (p = 0,284). Die Mortalität war in der POAF-Gruppe 63 % höher (p = 0,213). In den EKGs offenbarten sich Unterschiede insbesondere bei der PWD (p = 0,052), der P-Amplitude (p = 0,087) und der P-Dispersion (p = 0,167). In der POAF- Gruppe konnte präoperativ vs. Follow-up in der PWD (p = 0,159), der P-Dispersion (p = 0,289) und der PWPT (p = 0,037) eine Verlängerung der Reizleitung festgestellt werden. Die Differenzen präoperativ zu Follow-up waren zwischen den Gruppen signifikant unterschiedlich (PWD: p = 0,034; P-Dispersion: p = 0,059; P-Amplitude: p = 0,048).
Schlussfolgerung: Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass POAF einen Einfluss auf die Mortalität und die Morbidität hat. Auf die Lebensqualität hat das postoperative Flimmerereignis hingegen nur geringe Auswirkungen. Wie sich in zahlreichen P-Wellen- Indizes zeigte, stellt POAF insbesondere in Bezug auf die Vulnerabilität des atrialen Substrats einen signifikanten Progressionsfaktor dar. P-Wellen-Parameter können dazu beitragen das atriale Substrat zu beurteilen und POAF-Risikopatienten zu identifizieren.
Markers of ultra-processing: Market analyses and association with mortality and morbidity
(2024) Neumann, Nathalie Judith
Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with a broad range of adverse health outcomes in epidemiological studies. A large number of these publications use the NOVA classification to define UPF. There are two kinds of ingredients that are exclusively found in UPF, i.e., non-culinary ingredients and cosmetic additives, which combined are referred to as markers of ultra-processing (MUP). Critics point out that the NOVA classification is too inconsistent and is based on broad and ambiguous definitions that are not supported by scientific evidence.
Taking these studies into consideration, there are three main research gaps in the field of UPF that were analysed in the present work: (1) Which underlying mechanisms can explain the effects of UPF on overeating and body weight gain; (2) How can UPF be detected more objectively; (3) Can the MUP concept be adapted to the German food market? These research gaps have been addressed within three publications.
In the first publication, added flavours were suggested to induce overeating and obesity by promoting hedonic eating and disrupting flavour-nutrient-learning. They increased feed intake and body weight as compared to non-flavoured control diets in a broad range of animal studies. In the second publication, UPF were detected objectively via a MUP- and ingredient listbased approach. Among all MUP, flavour was the most frequent marker for UPF detection. With a combination of three and six MUP, almost 80 % and 90 % of UPF were detected, respectively. In the third publication, the MUP- and ingredient list-based approach was transferred to the German food market. The proportion of UPF in plant-based meat products (PBMP) was higher than in meat-based products (MBP). Flavour and dextrose were the most frequent MUP in PBMP and MBP, respectively.
Further research should focus on the following six steps: (1) Conducting further analyses of the worldwide food market concerning MUP; (2) Elucidating pathophysiological pathways by which the large number of other MUP apart from added flavours could lead to adverse health outcomes; (3) Analysing the association of the whole range of MUP with mortality and morbidity in epidemiological studies; (4) Studying the effectiveness of restricting selected MUP in randomised controlled or crossover trials; (5) Adapting the definition of UPF according to the findings of the previous steps; (6) Applying public health interventions to reduce UPF consumption and to change the food market towards more non-UPF.
Investigating the Role of Microbiologicals (Bacillus Species) in the Biodegradation of Residues of Chemical Fugicides
(2023) Loew, Farnaz
This work investigated the feasibility of finding bacteria able to degrade chemical fungicides and also act as biofungicides. Accordingly, bacterial isolates from samples of plant material from sites where fungicide trials had been carried out with multiple sprays of one fungicide were cultured.
Enhanced growth of isolates in the presence of the fungicide was sought in screening tests. This resulted in six isolates from Revysol® sites and 9 from boscalid sites being selected for identification and further characterization. All the strains identified were from the Genus Bacillus (B. megaterium, B. velenzensis, and B. licheniformis) and all were in the lowest risk group.
Following the selection of isolates for identification, the growth dynamics of the selected isolates in the absence of any fungicide were examined, and the growth curves obtained were attributed to one of the three typical curves. The isolates segregated into these growth curve types consistent with the species identification.
Despite the initial assumption, the degradation ability of the bacterial isolates was not fungicide specific. Furthermore, the enhanced growth of the isolates was restricted to a certain range of fungicide concentrations, with an optimum of 5 ppm for all four fungicides.
The selected isolates identified as B. velenzensis functioned particularly well as biofungicides, significantly inhibiting the growth of all three fungal pathogens (Botrytis, Cercospora, and Sclerotinia) tested. Furthermore MBI 600 the commercial biofungicide, in addition to showing biofungicide activity on all three pathogens as expected also demonstrated the capacity to degrade all four of the fungicides used in this study.
Color constancy in real-world settings
(2024) Gegenfurtner, Karl R.; Weiss, David; Bloj, Marina
Color constancy denotes the ability to assign a particular and stable color percept to an object, irrespective of its surroundings and illumination. The light reaching the eye confounds illumination and spectral reflectance of the object, making the recovery of constant object color an ill-posed problem. How good the visual system is at accomplishing this task is still a matter of heated debate, despite more than a 100 years of research. Depending on the laboratory task and the specific cues available to observers, color constancy was found to be at levels ranging between 15% and 80%, which seems incompatible with the relatively stable color appearance of objects around us and the consistent usage of color names in real life. Here, we show close-to-perfect color constancy using real objects in a natural task and natural environmental conditions, chosen to mimic the role of color constancy in everyday life. Participants had to identify the color of a (non-present) item familiar to them in an office room under five different experimental illuminations. They mostly selected the same colored Munsell chip as their match to the absent object, even though the light reaching the eye in each case differed substantially. Our results demonstrate that color constancy under ideal conditions in the real world can indeed be exceptionally good. We found it to be as good as visual memory permits and not generally compromised by sensory uncertainty.
Cercozoan diversity of spring barley grown in the field is strongly plant compartment specific
(2024) Sacharow, Julia; Ratering, Stefan; Quiroga, Santiago; Geißler-Plaum, Rita; Schneider, Bellinda; Österreicher Cunha-Dupont, Alessandra; Schnell, Sylvia
Protists are an important part of the plant holobiome and influence plant growth and pathogenic pressure as consumers. Hordeum vulgare is one of the most economically important crops worldwide, and its yield depends on optimal environmental plant-growth conditions and pathogen defense. This study aimed to analyse the natural compositions of the cercozoan diversity, one of the most important and dominant protist phyla, of spring barley at different developmental stages, from different plant compartments over two years. Hordeum vulgare bulk soil samples were taken before seeding and after harvest on an organic farming field. Bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, roots and leaves were sampled at the flowering and ripening stages, and analysed with cercozoan-specific primers. Results showed a clear dominance of the families Sandonidae, Allapsidae, Cercomonadidae, Rhogostomidae and the order Glissomonadida in all sample types. Separated analyses of root, leaf and soil samples showed that members of the family Sandonidae were strongly enriched in leaf samples, while members of the Allapsidae family were enriched in the roots. No compositional differences were detected between the different plant developmental stages, except for the beta diversity of the leaf samples at the flowering and ripening stages. It can be concluded that the cercozoan diversity of spring barley is primarily affected by the plant compartment and not by the plant developmental stage. Further studies are needed to analyze the cercozoan community in greater taxonomic depth and to target their ecological function.