Publikationen im Open Access gefördert durch die UB

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Auflistung Publikationen im Open Access gefördert durch die UB nach Auflistung nach Fachbereich/Einrichtung "FB 01 - Rechtswissenschaft"

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 17 von 17
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    A machine learning approach for modeling the occurrence of the major intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis in East Africa
    (2024) Tabo, Zadoki; Breuer, Lutz; Fabia, Codalli; Samuel, Gorata; Albrecht, Christian
    Schistosomiasis, a prevalent water-borne disease second only to malaria, significantly impacts impoverished rural communities, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa where over 90% of the severely affected population resides. The disease, majorly caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium parasites, relies on freshwater snails, specifically Biomphalaria and Bulinus species, as crucial intermediate host (IH) snails. Targeted snail control is advisable, however, there is still limited knowledge about the community structure of the two genera especially in East Africa. Utilizing a machine learning approach, we employed random forest to identify key features influencing the distribution of both IH snails in this region. Our results reveal geography and climate as primary factors for Biomphalaria, while Bulinus occurrence is additionally influenced by soil clay content and nitrogen concentration. Favorable climate conditions indicate a high prevalence of IHs in East Africa, while the intricate connection with geography might signify either dispersal limitations or environmental filtering. Predicted probabilities demonstrate non-linear patterns, with Bulinus being more likely to occur than Biomphalaria in the region. This study provides foundational framework insights for targeted schistosomiasis prevention and control strategies in the region, assisting health workers and policymakers in their efforts.
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    Arhuaco indigenous women’s memories and the Colombian Truth Commission: methodological gaps and political tensions
    (2021) González Villamizar, Juliana; Santamaría, Ángela; Muelas Izquierdo, Dunen Kaneybia; Restrepo Acevedo, Laura María; Cáceres Dueñas, Paula
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    A right to exclusion or a right to migration? – Neither!
    (2023) Tiedemann, Paul
    The discussion about the open-border postulate, initiated by Joseph H. Carens in 1983, is developing an ever-increasing dynamism in both Anglo-American and German-speaking philosophy. There are two positions in this discussion: (1) the view that states have the sovereign right to decide whether and under what conditions they grant entry and residence to aliens (the right to exclusion); (2) the view that all people have a moral right to global free movement (the right to migration). The essay defends the thesis that there is neither a moral right to migration nor a moral right to exclusion. In the relationship between states and aliens, the state of nature prevails. In the state of nature there are no moral rights and duties other than human rights. Neither the alleged right to migration, i.e. global free movement nor the alleged right to exclusion can be considered a human right. The study is focused solely on ethics. Positive law, which depends on many coincidences anyway, is not considered.
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    Die Abwägung von Kunstfreiheit und Tierschutz
    (2023) Korn, Lukas Paul
    Werden lebendige Tiere im Rahmen künstlerischer Darbietungen verwendet und ihnen dabei Schmerzen, Leiden oder Schäden zugefügt, kann dies einen Verstoß gegen das Tierschutzgesetz (TierSchG) begründen und Untersagungsverfügungen, Bußgelder oder Strafverfahren nach sich ziehen. In derartigen Fällen kommt es entscheidend darauf an, ob die Ausübung der grundrechtlich gewährleisteten Kunstfreiheit einen ,,vernünftigen Grund‘‘ i.S.d. TierSchG darstellt. Die Ausfüllung dieses unbestimmten Rechtsbegriffs erfordert eine Abwägung zwischen den Verfassungsgütern der Kunstfreiheit aus Art. 5 Abs. 3 S. 1 Var. 1 GG und dem Staatsziel Tierschutz aus Art. 20a GG. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, in welchen Fällen eine solche Abwägungsentscheidung notwendig ist und entwickelt Kriterien für den Abwägungsvorgang.
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    Dilated perivascular spaces can present incidental CSF-isointense foci within the ventral forebrain of dogs and cats in transverse MR images
    (2022) Fischer, Carolin; Schaub, Sebastian; Büttner, Kathrin; Hartmann, Katinka; Schmidt, Martin Jürgen
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    Factors Controlling the Distribution of Intermediate Host Snails of Schistosoma in Crater Lakes in Uganda: A Machine Learning Approach
    (2022) Tabo, Zadoki; Neubauer, Thomas A.; Tumwebaze, Immaculate; Stelbrink, Björn; Breuer, Lutz; Hammoud, Cyril; Albrecht, Christian
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    Fallbuch Asylrecht : mit Bezügen zum Aufenthaltsrecht
    (2023)
    Das Fallbuch behandelt in 57 Fällen die praxisrelevantesten Sachverhalte im Asylrecht und ihre juristische Lösung. Unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Rechtsprechung, Behördenpraxis und Gesetzgebung hat ein Team von Nachwuchswissenschaftlern/-innen, Praktikern/-innen und Mitgliedern der Refugee Law Clinics (RLCs) hierfür praktische Fallübungen sowohl aus gerichtlicher als auch aus beratender Perspektive zusammengestellt und mit weiterführendem Wissen verbunden. Es richtet sich an Beratende der RLCs und anderer Beratungsstellen, an Jurastudierende sowie an Rechtsreferendare/-innen. Die Fälle führen chronologisch durch das Asylverfahren, behandeln Folgefragen bei Schutzzuerkennung oder Asylantragsablehnung sowie den Rechtsschutz und thematisieren sozialrechtliche und aufenthaltsrechtliche Bezüge. Alle Fälle lassen sich auf einer digitalen Plattform kommentieren. Als Initiative für offene Rechtswissenschaft (OpenRewi) sehen wir unsere Texte als Vorschlag – die Leser/-innen sind Teil der Diskussion.
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    Kein Malus für Ungeimpfte!
    (2022) Lauppert von Peharnik, Christina; Freiherr von Ulmenstein, Ulrich; Tretter, Max
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    Kommunale Instrumente gegen Schottergärten
    (2021) Ferber, Kevin
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    Limiting medical certainties? Funding challenges for German and comparable public healthcare systems due to AI prediction and how to address them
    (2022) von Ulmenstein, Ulrich; Tretter, Max; Ehrlich, David B.; Lauppert von Peharnik, Christina
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    Mitigating Salinity Stress in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with Biochar and Superabsorber Polymer Amendments
    (2023) Derbali, Imed; Derbali, Walid; Gharred, Jihed; Manaa, Arafet; Slama, Inès; Koyro, Hans-Werner
    In agriculture, soil amendments are applied to improve soil quality by increasing the water retention capacity and regulating the pH and ion exchange. Our study was carried out to investigate the impact of a commercial biochar (Bc) and a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on the physiological and biochemical processes and the growth performance of Chenopodium quinoa (variety ICBA-5) when exposed to high salinity. Plants were grown for 25 days under controlled greenhouse conditions in pots filled with a soil mixture with or without 3% Bc or 0.2% SAP by volume before the initiation of 27 days of growth in hypersaline conditions, following the addition of 300 mM NaCl. Without the Bc or soil amendments, multiple negative effects of hypersalinity were detected on photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (Anet minus 70%) and on the production of fresh matter from the whole plant, leaves, stems and roots (respectively, 55, 46, 64 and 66%). Moreover, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was indicated by higher levels of MDA (plus 142%), antioxidant activities and high proline levels (plus 311%). In the pots treated with 300 mM NaCl, the amendments Bc or SAP improved the plant growth parameters, including fresh matter production (by 10 and 17%), an increased chlorophyll content by 9 and 13% and Anet in plants (by 98 and 115%). Both amendments (Bc and SAP) resulted in significant salinity mitigation effects, decreasing proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels whilst increasing both the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants that reduce the levels of ROS. This study confirms how soil amendments can help to improve plant performance and expand the productive range into saline areas.
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    Survey of drug use and its association with herd-level and farm-level characteristics on German dairy farms
    (2024) Abdallah, M.; Bethäuser, J.; Tettenborn, F.; Hein, A.; Hamann, M.
    The use of veterinary drugs is of similar importance to that of human drugs in addressing health challenges. In this context, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites inevitably enter soil and water in unknown quantities. Therefore, this study collects and analyzes drug data from 2020 for 50 dairy farms located in Germany. The most frequently used substance group is antibiotics (40.13%), followed by antiphlogistics (18.86%), antiparasitics (13.09%), and hormones (9.29%). Treatment frequencies record the number of days per year on which an average animal on a farm was treated with a substance. The calculated values range from 0.94 to 21.69 d/yr and are distributed heterogeneously across farms. In this study, on average, a cow was treated on 6 d in 2020: 2.34 d with antibiotics, 1.07 d with antiphlogistics, 0.76 d with antiparasitics, and 0.41 d with hormones. In addition to individual farm management practices, other factors are related to treatment frequency. Farms with a veterinary care contract used more hormonal substances than farms without a care contract. In addition, higher milk yield coincides with more frequent treatments with antiphlogistic or hormonal substances. Other related factors include grazing, longevity, farm size, and use of a claw bath. Our study represents an important first step in describing the amounts and determinants of veterinary drugs used in livestock farming. Such insights on magnitudes and farm parameters are essential to estimate potential environmental effects and derive strategies to reduce veterinary drug use.
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    The regional distribution of resident immune cells shapes distinct immunological environments along the murine epididymis
    (2022) Pleuger, Christiane; Ai, Dingding; Hoppe, Minea L.; Winter, Laura T.; Bohnert, Daniel; Karl, Dominik; Guenther, Stefan; Epelman, Slava; Kantores, Crystal; Fijak, Monika; Ravens, Sarina; Middendorff, Ralf; Mayer, Johannes U.; Loveland, Kate L.; Hedger, Mark; Bhushan, Sudhanshu; Meinhardt, Andreas
    The epididymis functions as transition zone for post-testicular sperm maturation and storage and faces contrasting immunological challenges, i.e. tolerance towards spermatozoa vs. reactivity against pathogens. Thus, normal organ function and integrity relies heavily on a tightly controlled immune balance. Previous studies described inflammation-associated tissue damage solely in the distal regions (corpus, cauda), but not in the proximal regions (initial segment, caput). To understand the observed region-specific immunity along the epididymal duct, we have used an acute bacterial epididymitis mouse model and analyzed the disease progression. Whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq 10 days post infection showed a pro-inflammatory environment within the cauda, while the caput exhibited only minor transcriptional changes. High-dimensional flow cytometry analyses revealed drastic changes in the immune cell composition upon infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. A massive influx of neutrophils and monocytes was observed exclusively in distal regions and was associated with bacterial appearance and tissue alterations. In order to clarify the reasons for the region-specific differences in the intensity of immune responses, we investigated the heterogeneity of resident immune cell populations under physiological conditions by scRNASeq analysis of extravascular CD45+ cells. Twelve distinct immune cell subsets were identified, displaying substantial differences in distribution along the epididymis as further assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Macrophages constituted the majority of resident immune cells and were further separated in distinct subgroups based on their transcriptional profile, tissue location and monocyte-dependence. Crucially, the proximal and distal regions showed striking differences in their immunological landscapes. These findings indicate that resident immune cells are strategically positioned along the epididymal duct, potentially providing different immunological environments required for addressing the contrasting immunological challenges and thus, preserving tissue integrity and organ function.
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    Zur Vereinbarkeit von vorzeitigem Baubeginn und Naturschutz: Zwischen realpolitischer Hektik und rechtsstaatlichen Grundsätzen
    (2023) Roth, Maximilian
    Der vorzeitige Baubeginn ist in etlichen Fachplanungsrechten seit geraumer Zeit normiert, gewinnt aber erst in der jüngeren Vergangenheit eine deutlich wahrnehmbare und auch mediale Beachtung. Nach einer Einführung in das Instrument des vorzeitigen Baubeginns (1.) sollen drei aktuelle Beispiele vorgestellt (2.), ehe die Tatbestandsmerkmale (3.) auf deren Einschlag in naturschutzrechtliche Belange (4.) untersucht und hinsichtlich der drei Beispiele kritisch reflektiert werden. Ein Abriss über rechtsstaatliche Grundsätze (5.) und ihre Geltung auch in Zeiten realpolitischer Hektik (6.) runden den Beitrag mit einem Ausblick (7.) ab.