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Item 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced inflammatory response in mammary epithelial cells(2020) Wen, Gaiping; Eder, Klaus; Ringseis, RobertItem A High-Phosphorus Diet Moderately Alters the Lipidome and Transcriptome in the Skeletal Muscle of Adult Mice(2023) Grundmann, Sarah M.; Ress, Kerstin; Zimmermann, Lea; Höring, Marcus; Liebisch, Gerhard; Most, Erika; Ringseis, Robert; Eder, KlausA high phosphorus intake has been associated with various metabolic disorders, including chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Recent studies have demonstrated the effects of dietary phosphorus on lipid and glucose metabolism. This study investigated the impact of a high-phosphorus diet on mouse skeletal muscle lipid composition and gene transcription. Adult male mice (n = 12/group) received either a diet with an adequate (0.3%) or a high (1.2%) phosphorus concentration for 6 weeks. The lipidome analysis showed that among the 17 analyzed lipid classes, the concentrations of three classes were reduced in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. These classes were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (p < 0.05). Out of the three hundred and twenty-three individual lipid species analyzed, forty-nine showed reduced concentrations, while three showed increased concentrations in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. The muscle transcriptome analysis identified 142 up- and 222 down-regulated transcripts in the high phosphorus group compared to the adequate phosphorus group. Gene set enrichment analysis identified that genes that were up-regulated in the high phosphorus group were linked to the gene ontology terms “mitochondria” and “Notch signaling pathway”, whereas genes that were down-regulated were linked to the “PI3K-AKT pathway”. Overall, the effects of the high-phosphorus diet on the muscle lipidome and transcriptome were relatively modest, but consistently indicated an impact on lipid metabolism.Item Added flavors: potential contributors to body weight gain and obesity?(2022) Neumann, Nathalie Judith; Fasshauer, MathiasBackground: Added flavors are a marker for ultra-processing of food and a strong link exists between the intake of ultra-processed food and the development of obesity. The objective of the present article is to assess animal and human data elucidating the impact of added flavors on the regulation of food intake and body weight gain, as well as to define areas for future research. Main text: Mechanistic studies suggest that added flavors induce overeating and body weight gain by two independent mechanisms: Added flavors promote hedonic eating and override homeostatic control of food intake, as well as disrupt flavor-nutrient learning and impair the ability to predict nutrients in food items. Supporting these potential mechanisms, added flavors increase feed intake and body weight as compared to non-flavored control diets in a broad range of animal studies. They are actively promoted by feed additive manufacturers as useful tools to improve palatability, feed intake, and performance parameters. In humans, added flavors are extensively tested concerning toxicity; however, no data exist concerning their impact on food intake and body weight. Conclusions: Added flavors are potential contributors to the obesity epidemic and further studies focusing on their role in humans are urgently required. These studies include obesity interventions specifically targeting food items with added flavors and cohort studies on independent associations between added flavor intake and metabolic, as well as cardiovascular, morbidity, and mortality.Item Age-Dependent Alterations of Cognition, Mitochondrial Function, and Beta-Amyloid Deposition in a Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease - A Longitudinal Study(2022) Reutzel, Martina; Grewal, Rekha; Joppe, Aljoscha; Eckert, Gunter P.Item Association of alcohol types, coffee and tea intake with mortality: prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants(2022) Schaefer, Sylva M.; Kaiser, Anna; Behrendt, Inken; Eichner, Gerrit; Fasshauer, MathiasThe present study examines how alcohol intake from wine and non-wine alcoholic beverages (non-wine) in g/d, as well as cups of coffee and tea included as continuous covariates and mutually adjusted are associated with all-cause, cancer, non-cancer and CVD mortality. Consumption was assessed in 354 386 participants of the UK Biobank cohort who drank alcohol at least occasionally and survived at least 2 years after baseline with 20 201 deaths occurring over 4·2 million person-years. Hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression models and beverage intake fitted as penalised cubic splines. A significant U-shaped association was detected between wine consumption and all-cause, non-cancer and CVD mortality. Wine consumption with lowest risk of death (nadir) ranged from 19 to 23 g alcohol/d in all participants and both sexes separately. In contrast, non-wine intake was significantly and positively associated in a dose-dependent manner with all mortality types studied except for CVD in females and with the nadir between 0 and 12 g alcohol/d. In all participants, the nadir for all-cause mortality was 2 cups coffee/d with non-coffee drinkers showing a slightly increased risk of death. Tea consumption was significantly and negatively associated with all mortality types in both sexes. Taken together, light to moderate consumption of wine but not non-wine is associated with decreased all-cause and non-cancer mortality. A minor negative association of coffee consumption with mortality cannot be excluded whereas tea intake is associated with a consistently decreased risk of all mortality types studied.Item Association of Alcohol Types, Coffee, and Tea Intake with Risk of Dementia: Prospective Cohort Study of UK Biobank Participants(2022) Schaefer, Sylva Mareike; Kaiser, Anna; Behrendt, Inken; Eichner, Gerrit; Fasshauer, MathiasItem Association of all-cause mortality with sugar intake from different sources in the prospective cohort of UK Biobank participants(2023) Kaiser, Anna; Schaefer, Sylva M.; Behrendt, Inken; Eichner, Gerrit; Fasshauer, MathiasThe present study elucidates the association of intrinsic sugars and free sugars (FS) from all relevant sources with all-cause mortality in the prospective UK Biobank cohort. Sugar intake was assessed in 186 811 UK Biobank participants who completed at least one web-based 24-h dietary recall (Oxford WebQ). Cox proportional hazard regression models for all-cause mortality were used with sugar intake from different sources included as penalised cubic splines to allow non-linear predictor effects. Over a mean follow-up of 12·3 years, 8576 (4·6 %) deaths occurred. FS but not intrinsic sugars were significantly and dose-dependently associated with hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality. The association with all-cause mortality was significant and dose dependent for FS in beverages, but not in solids with the mean (CI) HR at 50 g/d v. 0 g/d consumption at 1·10, 95 % CI (1·07, 1·14) and 1·01, 95 % CI (0·98, 1·03), respectively. Within the beverages subcategories, a significant dose-dependent association with mortality was detected for FS in soda/fruit drinks and milk-based drinks whereas this relation was NS for FS in pure juice and tea/coffee. FS in four different subtypes of solids, i.e. treats, cereals, toppings and sauces, were not positively associated with all-cause mortality. Major findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, only some FS sources were associated with all-cause mortality. Interventions targeting FS subtypes might be most effective concerning mortality if focused on the reduction of soda/fruit drinks and milk-based sugary drinks; however, the present results need to be confirmed by independent studies.Item Association of Antioxidants Use with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Study of the UK Biobank(2020) Behrendt, Inken; Eichner, Gerrit; Faßhauer, MathiasItem Association of sugar intake from different sources with incident depression in the prospective cohort of UK Biobank participants(2023) Kaiser, Anna; Schaefer, Sylva M.; Behrendt, Inken; Eichner, Gerrit; Fasshauer, MathiasPurpose: To elucidate the association of different sources of free sugars (FS) and intrinsic sugars with depression risk in the prospective population-based UK Biobank cohort. Methods: Sugar consumption was assessed in 188,426 participants (age range: 39–72 years, 54.4% female) with at least one web-based dietary questionnaire (Oxford WebQ). The hazard ratios (HR) for incident depression were assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression models including sugar intake from different sources as penalized cubic splines to allow non-linear predictor effects. Over a mean follow-up of 12.3 (standard deviation 1.8) years, 5410 incident depression cases occurred. Results: FS intake was significantly associated with depression risk in an ascending approximately linear way with the lowest HR observed at 9% total energy (%E). In contrast, consumption of intrinsic sugars was not significantly related with incident depression. FS in beverages were significantly associated with depression risk in an ascending approximately linear way with the lowest HR at 4%E whereas no association was found for FS in solids. Concerning beverage types, FS in soda/fruit drinks, milk-based drinks, and tea/coffee were significantly and positively related to depression risk whereas the association was U-shaped for juice. Major findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Only some sources of FS are positively associated with incident depression. Public health initiatives targeting FS subtypes might be most effective concerning depression risk if focused on the reduction of sugary beverages and more specifically soda/fruit drinks, milk-based drinks, and tea/coffee.Item Auxin application to maize plants at flowering increases abundance and activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in developing maize kernels(2022) Tscharn, Franziska T.; Hütsch, Birgit W.; Dreute, Jan; Schubert, SvenItem Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model for the Effects of Phytochemicals on Mitochondria and Aging(2022) Schmitt, Fabian; Eckert, Gunter P.Item Cerebral mitochondrial and cognitive function during aging – a longitudinal study in NMRI mice(2020) Grewal, Rekha; Dilberger, Benjamin; Silaidos, Carmina; Joppe, Aljoscha; Eckert, Gunter P.Item Changes in Vegetable Consumption in Times of COVID-19—First Findings From an International Civil Science Project(2021) Jordan, Irmgard; Keding, Gudrun B.; Stosius, Lena; Hawrysz, Iwona; Janiszewska, Katarzyna; Heil, Eleonore A.Item Co-chaperone involvement in knob biogenesis implicates host-derived chaperones in malaria virulence(2021) Diehl, Mathias; Roling, Lena; Rohland, Lukas; Weber, Sebastian; Cyrklaff, Marek; Sanchez, Cecilia P.; Beretta, Carlo Antonio; Simon, Caroline; Guizetti, Julien; Hahn, Julia; Schulz, Norma; Mayer, Matthias P.; Przyborski, Jude M.Item Combination of Secondary Plant Metabolites and Micronutrients Improves Mitochondrial Function in a Cell Model of Early Alzheimer’s Disease(2023) Babylon, Lukas; Meißner, Julia; Eckert, Gunter P.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by excessive formation of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ), mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altered glycolysis. Since the disease is currently not curable, preventive and supportive approaches are in the focus of science. Based on studies of promising single substances, the present study used a mixture (cocktail, SC) of compounds consisting of hesperetin (HstP), magnesium-orotate (MgOr), and folic acid (Fol), as well as the combination (KCC) of caffeine (Cof), kahweol (KW) and cafestol (CF). For all compounds, we showed positive results in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells—a model of early AD. Thus, SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells were incubated with SC and the activity of the mitochondrial respiration chain complexes were measured, as well as levels of ATP, Aβ, ROS, lactate and pyruvate. Incubation of SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells with SC significantly increased the endogenous respiration of mitochondria and ATP levels, while Aβ1–40 levels were significantly decreased. Incubation with SC showed no significant effects on oxidative stress and glycolysis. In summary, this combination of compounds with proven effects on mitochondrial parameters has the potential to improve mitochondrial dysfunction in a cellular model of AD.Item Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor L. in growing pigs by transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics(2020) Meyer, Sandra; Geßner, Denise; Braune, Maria S.; Friedhoff, Theresa; Most, Erika; Höring, Marcus; Liebisch, Gerhard; Zorn, Holger; Eder, Klaus; Ringseis, RobertItem Corporate Perspectives on Responsibility and Sustainability in the Food System: A (Food) Communicative-Constructivist Viewpoint(2020) Bartelmeß, Tina; Godemann, JasminItem Crystal structure of Leishmania donovani glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveals a unique N-terminal domain(2022) Berneburg, Isabell; Rahlfs, Stefan; Becker, Katja; Fritz-Wolf, KarinSince unicellular parasites highly depend on NADPH as a source for reducing equivalents, the pentose phosphate pathway, especially the first and rate-limiting NADPH-producing enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), is considered an excellent antitrypanosomatid drug target. Here we present the crystal structure of Leishmania donovani G6PD (LdG6PD) elucidating the unique N-terminal domain of Kinetoplastida G6PDs. Our investigations on the function of the N-domain suggest its involvement in the formation of a tetramer that is completely different from related Trypanosoma G6PDs. Structural and functional investigations further provide interesting insights into the binding mode of LdG6PD, following an ordered mechanism, which is confirmed by a G6P-induced domain shift and rotation of the helical N-domain. Taken together, these insights into LdG6PD contribute to the understanding of G6PDs’ molecular mechanisms and provide an excellent basis for further drug discovery approaches.Item Determinants of Children’s Fruit Intake in Teso South Sub-County, Kenya—A Multi-Phase Mixed Methods Study among Households with Children 0–8 Years of Age(2021) Kretz, Eleonore; Jordan, Irmgard; Itaru, Annet; Glas, Maria Gracia; Fischer, Sahrah; Pircher, Thomas; Hilger, Thomas; Waswa, Lydiah M.Item Dynamics and interactions of cobalamin and folate status during advanced aging – a longitudinal study in a community-dwelling cohort with multiple follow-ups(2020) Jungert, Alexandra; Zenke-Philippi, Carola; Neuhäuser-Berthold, Monika