Influence of birth weight, sex and disinfection on the involution of umbilical structures in calves

Abstract

Background: Umbilical disinfection for calves is often recommended, but scientific studies do not always show a positive effect on disease prevention. In addition, there is little to no metric data on umbilical involution or on factors influencing the size of umbilical structures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological involution of umbilical structures and the effect of two different umbilical treatment methods. Methods: After birth, calves’ umbilical cord stumps were treated with either an iodine tincture (n=43) or an antibiotic spray (n=41) orwere left untreated (n = 42). On days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 after birth, calves were examined and external umbilical structures were measured. In addition, on day 14 (±2 days), a sonographic examination of umbilical structures was conducted. Results: The treatment applied had no significant effect on the size of umbilical structures during the first 14 days of life. However, the diameter of the umbilical stalk was larger inmale calves and calves with a higher birth weight than in female calves and calves with a lower birth weight. Limitation: The study was carried out on only one farm, so the generalisability of the findings may be limited. Conclusion: Umbilical structures showed significant involution over time and were influenced by birth weight and sex.