Publikationen im Open Access gefördert durch die UB
Dauerhafte URI für die Sammlung
Stöbern nach
Neue Veröffentlichungen
Item How visuomotor predictability and task demands affect tactile sensitivity on a moving limb during object interaction in a virtual environment(2023) McManus, Meaghan; Schütz, Immo; Voudouris, Dimitris; Fiehler, KatjaTactile sensitivity is decreased on a moving limb compared to the same static limb. This tactile suppression likely reflects an interplay between sensorimotor predictions and sensory feedback. Here, we examined how visuomotor predictability influences tactile suppression. Participants were instructed to hit an approaching virtual object, with the object either never rotating, or always rotating, or rotating unpredictably, prompting related movement adjustments. We probed tactile suppression by delivering a vibrotactile stimulus of varying intensities to the moving hand briefly after the object's rotation and asked participants to indicate if they had felt a vibration. We hypothesized that Unpredictable Rotations would require upweighting of somatosensory feedback from the hand and therefore decrease suppression. Instead, we found stronger suppression with unpredictable than Predictable Rotations. This finding persisted even when visual input from the moving hand was removed and participants had to rely solely on somatosensory feedback of their hand. Importantly, we found a correlation between task demand and tactile suppression in both experiments, indicating that task load can amplify tactile suppression, possibly by downweighting task-irrelevant somatosensory feedback signals to allow for successful task performance when visuomotor task demands are high.Item Development of high-reflectivity polymer/air-Bragg micromirror structures for nanophotonic applications(2023) Palekar, Chirag Chandrakant; Shah, Manan; Reitzenstein, Stephan; Rahimi-Iman, ArashWe report the design, nanofabrication, and characterization of high-quality polymer-based micromirror structures employing the 3D two-photon polymerization lithography technique. Compared to conventional microcavity approaches, our innovative concept provides microstructures, which allow fast prototyping. Moreover, our polymer-based mirrors are cost effective and environmentally sensitive, as well as compatible with a wide range of wavelengths from near-infrared to the telecom C-band. We demonstrate polymer/air distributed Bragg reflectors and full microcavity structures with up to 14 mirror pairs with a target wavelength of 1550 nm and a reflectivity close to 99%. Additionally, our 3D printed micromirrors are reproducible and mechanically stable, and enable hybrid nanophotonic devices based on quantum dots, molecules, or 2D quantum materials as the active medium.Item ToF-SIMS in battery research: Advantages, limitations, and best practices(2023) Lombardo, Teo; Walther, Felix; Kern, Christine; Moryson, Yannik; Weintraut, Timo; Henss, Anja; Rohnke, MarcusTime-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful analytical technique whose application has great potential for battery research and that today is not used at its full potential. The goal of this article is to encourage battery researchers to add ToF-SIMS to their research toolbox and to incite ToF-SIMS experts to collaborate more strongly with battery researchers. It is, therefore, addressed to both new and experienced ToF-SIMS operators. First, an introduction to the analysis technique is given, in which the fundamental operating principle and the most common measurement modes are briefly explained. Additionally, we provide information on different machines commercially available. Based on this knowledge, we discuss the suitability of ToF-SIMS for battery research and highlight its method-specific characteristics for corresponding analytical tasks. We show that the high sensitivity of this analytical method (fractions < 10 ppm are detectable) combined with high flexibility for all analyzable materials (organic, inorganic, and hybrid) and sample formats (powders, thin films, electrodes, etc.) make ToF-SIMS particularly relevant for battery research, where the chemical nature of interfaces/interphases and traces of reaction products are of paramount importance. As practical guidance, we introduce and discuss the most common pitfalls when using ToF-SIMS for battery research and give hints on how they could be avoided or minimized. A major goal of this article is to review best practices, focusing on improving data quality, avoiding artifacts, and improving reproducibility.Item Gain recovery dynamics in active type-II semiconductor heterostructures(2023) Schäfer, F.; Stein, M.; Lorenz, J.; Dobener, F.; Ngo, C.; Steiner, J. T.; Fuchs, C.; Stolz, W.; Volz, K.; Meier, T.; Hader, J.; Moloney, J. V.; Koch, S. W.; Chatterjee, S.Type-II heterostructures as active layers for semiconductor laser devices combine the advantages of a spectrally broad, temperature stable, and efficient gain with the potential for electrical injection pumping. Their intrinsic charge carrier relaxation dynamics limit the maximum achievable repetition rates beyond any constraints of cavity design or heat dissipation. Of particular interest are the initial build up of gain after high-energy injection and the gain recovery dynamics following depletion through a stimulated emission process. The latter simulates the operation condition of a pulsed laser or semiconductor optical amplifier. An optical pump pulse injects hot charge carriers that eventually build up broad spectral gain in a model (Ga,In)As/GaAs/Ga(As,Sb) heterostructure. The surplus energies of the optical pump mimic the electron energies typical for electrical injection. Subsequently, a second laser pulse tuned to the broad spectral gain region depletes the population inversion through stimulated emission. The spectrally resolved nonlinear transmission dynamics reveal gain recovery times as fast as 5 ps. These data define the intrinsic limit for the highest laser repetition rate possible with this material system in the range of 100 GHz. The experimental results are analyzed using a microscopic many-body theory identifying the origins of the broad gain spectrum.Item Veterinary Naturopathy and Complementary Medicine: A Survey among Homepages of German Veterinary Practitioners(2023) Stanossek, Ines; Wehrend, AxelBackground: The use and interest in veterinary naturopathy and complementary medicine are increasing and modes of treatment are diverse. To this point, only a few data on the German situation in small animal medicine exist. Material and Methods: An online research of 1,083 German veterinary homepages for contents of veterinary naturopathy and complementary medicine was performed in September and October 2017. “Veterinarian” and “Chamber of Veterinary Surgeons” were used as search items. Homepages of small animal medicine were included. They were surveyed for modes of complementary and naturopathic treatments and corresponding qualifications of the offering veterinarian. Data were collected and processed using Excel 2013 Version 15.0. Afterward, a descriptive data analysis was performed. Results: 60.7% (n = 657) of homepages showed contents of veterinary naturopathy and complementary medicine. The highest percentage was found in the Chamber of Veterinary Surgeons of Saarland (91.7%, n = 11 out of 12). Homeopathy was cited most frequently (58%, n = 381). Out of all homepages with relevant content, 31.4% (n = 206) gave information about user qualifications, with continuous education programs named most frequently (52.9%, n = 109). Conclusion: The given data illustrate the high number of German veterinary homepages with contents of veterinary naturopathy and complementary medicine, corresponding to actual data of a high usage in veterinary and human medicine. Therefore, further scientific research in this field seems reasonable. Modes of treatment and qualifications are highly diverse and despite of controversial public discussions, homeopathy was the most frequently cited treatment modality on German veterinary homepages.Item Fluctuations in Oxygen Saturation during Synchronized Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation and Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Crossover Trial(2023) Atanasov, Svilen; Dippel, Constanze; Takoulegha, Dupleix; Windhorst, Anita; Schuler, Rahel; Strodthoff, Claas; Frerichs, Inéz; Dreyhaupt, Jens; Waitz, Markus; Sohrabi, Keywan; Ehrhardt, HaraldBackground: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants on noninvasive ventilation (NIV) experience frequent fluctuations in oxygen saturation (SpO2) that are associated with an increased risk for mortality and severe morbidities. Methods: In this randomized crossover trial, VLBW infants (n = 22) born 22+3 to 28+0 weeks on NIV with supplemental oxygen were allocated on two consecutive days in random order to synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (sNIPPV) and nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) for 8 h. nHFOV and sNIPPV were set to equivalent mean airway pressure and transcutaneous pCO2. Primary outcome was the time spent within the SpO2 target (88–95%). Results: During sNIPPV, VLBW infants spent significantly more time within the SpO2 target (59.9%) than during nHFOV (54.6%). The proportion of time spent in hypoxemia (22.3% vs. 27.1%) and the mean fraction of supplemental oxygen (FiO2) (29.4% vs. 32.8%) were significantly reduced during sNIPPV, while the respiratory rate (50.1 vs. 42.6) was significantly higher. Mean SpO2, SpO2 above the target, number of prolonged (>1 min) and severe (SpO2 <80%) hypoxemic episodes, parameters of cerebral tissue oxygenation using NIRS, number of FiO2 adjustments, heart rate, number of bradycardias, abdominal distension and transcutaneous pCO2 did not differ between both interventions. Conclusions: In VLBW infants with frequent fluctuations in SpO2, sNIPPV is more efficient than nHFOV to retain the SpO2 target and to reduce FiO2 exposure. These results demand more detailed investigations into cumulative oxygen toxicities during different modes of NIV over the weaning period, particularly with regard to consequences for long-term outcomes.Item Non-Linear Kinetics of The Lithium Metal Anode on Li6PS5Cl at High Current Density: Dendrite Growth and the Role of Lithium Microstructure on Creep(2023) Singh, Dheeraj Kumar; Fuchs, Till; Krempaszky, Christian; Mogwitz, Boris; Janek, JürgenInterfacial instability, viz., pore formation in the lithium metal anode (LMA) during discharge leading to high impedance, current focusing induced solid–electrolyte (SE) fracture during charging, and formation/behaviour of the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI), at the anode, is one of the major hurdles in the development of solid-state batteries (SSBs). Also, understanding cell polarization behaviour at high current density is critical to achieving the goal of fast-charging battery and electric vehicle. Herein, via in situ electrochemical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, performed with freshly deposited lithium microelectrodes on transgranularly fractured fresh Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl), the LiǀLPSCl interface kinetics are investigated beyond the linear regime. Even at relatively small overvoltages of a few mV, the LiǀLPSCl interface shows non-linear kinetics. The interface kinetics possibly involve multiple rate-limiting processes, i.e., ion transport across the SEI and SE|SEI interfaces, as well as charge transfer across the LiǀSEI interface. The total polarization resistance RP of the microelectrode interface is determined to be ≈ 0.8 Ω cm2. It is further shown that the nanocrystalline lithium microstructure can lead to a stable LiǀSE interface via Coble creep along with uniform stripping. Also, spatially resolved lithium deposition, i.e., at grain surface flaws, grain boundaries, and flaw-free surfaces, indicates exceptionally high mechanical endurance of flaw-free surfaces toward cathodic load (>150 mA cm−2). This highlights the prominent role of surface defects in dendrite growth.Item Biomarker RIPK3 Is Silenced by Hypermethylation in Melanoma and Epigenetic Editing Reestablishes Its Tumor Suppressor Function(2024) Arroyo Villora, Sarah; Castellanos Silva, Paula; Zenz, Tamara; Kwon, Ji Sun; Schlaudraff, Nico; Nitaj, Dafina; Meckbach, Cornelia; Dammann, Reinhard; Richter, Antje M.For several decades, cancers have demonstrably been one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide. In addition to genetic causes, cancer can also be caused by epigenetic gene modifications. Frequently, tumor suppressor genes are epigenetically inactivated due to hypermethylation of their CpG islands, actively contributing to tumorigenesis. Since CpG islands are usually localized near promoters, hypermethylation of the promoter can have a major impact on gene expression. In this study, the potential tumor suppressor gene Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) was examined for an epigenetic regulation and its gene inactivation in melanomas. A hypermethylation of the RIPK3 CpG island was detected by bisulfite pyrosequencing and was accompanied by a correlated loss of its expression. In addition, an increasing RIPK3 methylation rate was observed with increasing tumor stage of melanomas. For further epigenetic characterization of RIPK3, epigenetic modulation was performed using a modified CRISPR/dCas9 (CRISPRa activation) system targeting its DNA hypermethylation. We observed a reduced fitness of melanoma cells by (re-)expression and demethylation of the RIPK3 gene using the epigenetic editing-based method. The tumor suppressive function of RIPK3 was evident by phenotypic determination using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and wound healing assay. Our data highlight the function of RIPK3 as an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor in melanoma, allowing it to be classified as a biomarker.Item 150 Jahre Kunstgeschichte an der Universität Gießen(2024)Im Jahr 1874 wurde für Hugo von Ritgen an der Gießener Universität eine Professur für Kunstwissenschaft eingerichtet. Die Großherzoglich-Hessische Landesuniversität zeigte sich damit trendbewusst und war einer der frühesten Standorte des aufstrebenden Faches. Zum Jubiläum erscheint ein reich bebilderter Band, der in 25 Beiträgen eineinhalb Jahrhunderte Kunstgeschichte in Gießen nachzeichnet. Es geht um wichtige Akteure – Professoren (bis jüngst ausschließlich Männer), Lehrende, Studierende und Künstler/innen – und die besonderen Akzente, die sie jeweils dem Lehrstuhl bzw. Institut verliehen haben. Es geht außerdem um die Räume der Kunstgeschichte in der Stadt und auf dem Campus, um ihre Verbindungen zu anderen Fächern und Einrichtungen, um studentische Projekte und Initiativen und um Kontinuität und Wandel in der kunstgeschichtlichen Forschung und Lehre. Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Gießener Kunstgeschichte ist in mancherlei Hinsicht typisch für die historischen Zeitläufte. Sie weist aber auch Spezifika auf, die mal der Stadt und einzelnen Akteuren, mal den Interessen der Recherche und – nicht zuletzt – den Erinnerungen von Zeitzeugen zu verdanken sind.Item Mündigkeit in der politischen Bildung : ein Gespräch über eine reflexive sozialwissenschaftliche Fachdidaktik(2024) Müller, Stefan; Scaramuzza, EliaMündigkeit kann nicht verordnet werden. Das scheint eine Herausforderung für Bildung zu sein, ist aber genau die Stärke und das Versprechen von Mündigkeit. Eine reflexive politische Bildung, die sich an Mündigkeit orientiert, kann dieses Versprechen aufnehmen und im besten Falle einlösen. Wie das (nicht) funktionieren kann, erörtern Stefan Müller und Elia Scaramuzza auf anschauliche Weise im vorliegenden Gespräch. Mit Blick auf den Beutelsbacher Konsens, auf die Fragen von Autonomie, Normativität und Dialektik diskutieren sie die Möglichkeiten von Mündigkeit durch Bildung und entwickeln zentrale Merkmale einer reflexiven politischen Bildung.Item Thirty years after the Berlin Wall: German unification and transformation research(2024)This book examines the increasing body of research dedicated to the lasting differences between the former separate states of the Federal German Republic (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, it takes a broad view on German unification and transformation research. Transformation and unification processes in East and West Germany are still ongoing, and they may serve as a model for social change and its political, economic, and psychological consequences. Using advanced statistical methods of analysis, this edited volume provides insights into the valuable contextualization of individual and social phenomena that current research on German unification and transformation is producing. Following the open science mindset using code and data, the authors investigate temporal trends in (1) mental health, (2) political attitudes, and (3) work and family life. It explores changes in mental health and political attitudes, as well as continued differences in work and family arrangements, that may stem from heterogeneous experiences within the systems and during the transformation process. This book will appeal to scholars and students from the disciplines of sociology, political science, public health, social psychology, psychology, and communication science interested in postsocialist transition processes and temporal changes in individuals and societies.Item Abgrenzen, Entgrenzen, Begrenzen : zur Geschichte des Liminalen in der Moderne(2024)Grenzen strukturieren nicht nur die Ordnung von Landschaft und Herrschaft, sondern auch von Gesellschaft. Als soziale Konstrukte vereindeutigen sie Zustände, öffnen aber auch Räume für Aushandlungen und Überschreitungen. In der Moderne dienten praktische und metaphorische »Grenzgänge« dazu, Beziehungen, die Verhältnisse gesellschaftlicher Teilsysteme und die Reichweite von Normen zu klären. Die Beiträger*innen schauen auf die Denkfigur des »Grenzgangs«, die es ermöglicht, zentrale Fragen moderner Gesellschaften zusammenzudenken: Gewaltvolle Identitätskämpfe, der Umgang mit funktionaler Differenzierung und mit der Fragilität von Werten und Wissen offenbaren sich als Praktiken, mit denen Grenzen gezogen, überquert oder ausgehandelt wurden.Item Moderne & Mittelalter. Die Baukunst des Hugo von Ritgen : Katalog zur Ausstellung im Oberhessischen Museum Gießen, 11. April bis 20. Oktober 2024(2024)Hugo von Ritgen (1811–1889) war Architekt, bildender Künstler, Denkmalpfleger, Universitätsprofessor und Kunstsammler. Überregionale Bekanntheit erlangte er durch seine fulminante Wiederherstellung der Wartburg bei Eisennach im historistischen Stil. Auch in Hessen und vor allem in der Universitätsstadt Gießen hat Ritgen mit seinem vielfältigen Wirken nachhaltig Spuren hinterlassen. Die Ausstellung im Oberhessischen Museum und der sie begleitende Katalog präsentieren erstmals die gesamte Bandbreite der baukünstlerischen Projekte Ritgens. Dazu gehören Restaurierungs- und Umbauarbeiten an Burgen und Schlössern ebenso wie Entwürfe für Stadtvillen, Fabrikgebäude, Kirchen, Gartenhäuser, Grabmäler und Möbel. Auf der Grundlage umfangreicher Forschungen konnte ein Lebenswerk rekonstruiert werden, in dem Moderne und Mittelalter verschmelzen und das genau deshalb typisch für das 19. Jahrhundert ist. Den Katalogteil ergänzen wissenschaftliche Beiträge, die eine kulturgeschichtliche Einordnung Ritgens und seiner Arbeit in die Geschichte der Architektenausbildung, des Historismus, der modernen Ingenieurbauweise und des Tourismus leisten.Item Cues for predictive eye movements in naturalistic scenes(2023) Goettker, Alexander; Borgerding, Nils; Leeske, Linus; Gegenfurtner, Karl R.We previously compared following of the same trajectories with eye movements, but either as an isolated targets or embedded in a naturalistic scene—in this case, the movement of a puck in an ice hockey game. We observed that the oculomotor system was able to leverage the contextual cues available in the naturalistic scene to produce predictive eye movements. In this study, we wanted to assess which factors are critical for achieving this predictive advantage by manipulating four factors: the expertise of the viewers, the amount of available peripheral information, and positional and kinematic cues. The more peripheral information became available (by manipulating the area of the video that was visible), the better the predictions of all observers. However, expert ice hockey fans were consistently better at predicting than novices and used peripheral information more effectively for predictive saccades. Artificial cues about player positions did not lead to a predictive advantage, whereas impairing the causal structure of kinematic cues by playing the video in reverse led to a severe impairment. When videos were flipped vertically to introduce more difficult kinematic cues, predictive behavior was comparable to watching the original videos. Together, these results demonstrate that, when contextual information is available in naturalistic scenes, the oculomotor system is successfully integrating them and is not relying only on low-level information about the target trajectory. Critical factors for successful prediction seem to be the amount of available information, experience with the stimuli, and the availability of intact kinematic cues for player movements.Item Besnoitia besnoiti-induced neutrophil clustering and neutrophil extracellular trap formation depend on P2X1 purinergic receptor signaling(2023) Espinosa, Gabriel; Conejeros, Iván; Rojas-Barón, Lisbeth; Hermosilla, Carlos Rodrigo; Taubert, AnjaBovine besnoitiosis is a re-emerging cattle disease caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation represents an efficient innate immune mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) against apicomplexan parasites, including B. besnoiti. PMN purinergic signaling was proposed as a critical factor for NET formation. One important purinergic ligand is ATP, which is recognized as a danger signal and released into the extracellular space acting as an autocrine/paracrine signaling molecule. ATP-driven effects on PMN via the nucleotide P2 receptor family include chemotaxis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NET formation. So far, data on both PMN ATP concentrations and the role of ATP as a key modulator of purinergic signaling in B. besnoiti tachyzoite-triggered bovine NETosis is scarce. Current data showed that B. besnoiti tachyzoite exposure to bovine PMN neither changed total PMN ATP nor extracellular ATP quantities even though it significantly triggered NET formation. Moreover, B. besnoiti tachyzoite-exposed PMN revealed enhanced oxygen consumption rates (OCR) as quantified by the Seahorse metabolic analyzer. Exogenous supplementation of ATP or non-hydrolizable ATP (ATPγS) led to increased extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) but failed to alter tachyzoite-induced oxidative responses (OCR) in exposed PMN. In addition, exogenous supplementation of ATPγS, but not of ATP, boosted B. besnoiti tachyzoite-induced anchored NET formation. Referring to purinergic signaling, B. besnoiti tachyzoite-triggered anchored NET formation revealed P2X1 purinergic as receptor-dependent since it was blocked by the P2X1 inhibitor NF449 at an IC50 of 1.27 µM. In contrast, antagonists of P2Y2, P2Y6, P2X4, and P2X7 purinergic receptors all failed to affect parasite-driven NETosis. As an interesting finding, we additionally observed that B. besnoiti tachyzoite exposure induced PMN clustering in a P2X1-dependent manner. Thus, we identified P2X1 purinergic receptor as a pivotal molecule for both B. besnoiti tachyzoite-induced PMN clustering and anchored NET formation.Item Biomarkers in Endurance Exercise: Individualized Regulation and Predictive Value(2023) Hacker, Sebastian; Keck, Johannes; Reichel, Thomas; Eder, Klaus; Ringseis, Robert; Krüger, Karsten; Krüger, BrittaThe high interindividual variability of exercise response complicates the efficient use of blood-based biomarkers in sports. To address this problem, a useful algorithm to characterize the individual regulation and predictive value of different candidate markers will be developed. Forty-nine participants completed two identical exercise trials. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 3 hours after, and 24 hours after completion of exercise. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL-) 1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, creatine kinase (CK), cortisol, c-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Individualized regulation was analyzed using k-means clustering and a Group Assignment Quality (GAQ) score. Regression trees with a bootstrapped-aggregated approach were used to assess the predictive qualities of the markers. For most of the markers studied, a distinction can be made between individuals who show a stronger or weaker response to a particular endurance training program. The regulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK exhibited a high degree of stability within the individuals. Regarding the predictive power of the markers, for all dependent variables, the most accurate predictions were obtained for cortisol and IL-8 based on the baseline value. For CK, a good prediction of recovery of maximal strength and subjective feeling of exhaustion can be made. For IL-1RA and TBARS, especially their reregulation can be predicted if the baseline level is known. Focusing individual variations in biomarker responses, our results suggest the combined use of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CK for the personalized management of stress and recovery cycles following endurance exercise.Item DistSNE: Distributed computing and online visualization of DNA methylation-based central nervous system tumor classification(2023) Schmid, Kai; Sehring, Jannik; Németh, Attila; Harter, Patrick N.; Weber, Katharina J.; Vengadeswaran, Abishaa; Storf, Holger; Seidemann, Christian; Karki, Kapil; Fischer, Patrick; Dohmen, Hildegard; Selignow, Carmen; von Deimling, Andreas; Grau, Stefan; Schröder, Uwe; Plate, Karl H.; Stein, Marco; Uhl, Eberhard; Acker, Till; Amsel, DanielThe current state-of-the-art analysis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors through DNA methylation profiling relies on the tumor classifier developed by Capper and colleagues, which centrally harnesses DNA methylation data provided by users. Here, we present a distributed-computing-based approach for CNS tumor classification that achieves a comparable performance to centralized systems while safeguarding privacy. We utilize the t-distributed neighborhood embedding (t-SNE) model for dimensionality reduction and visualization of tumor classification results in two-dimensional graphs in a distributed approach across multiple sites (DistSNE). DistSNE provides an intuitive web interface (https://gin-tsne.med.uni-giessen.de) for user-friendly local data management and federated methylome-based tumor classification calculations for multiple collaborators in a DataSHIELD environment. The freely accessible web interface supports convenient data upload, result review, and summary report generation. Importantly, increasing sample size as achieved through distributed access to additional datasets allows DistSNE to improve cluster analysis and enhance predictive power. Collectively, DistSNE enables a simple and fast classification of CNS tumors using large-scale methylation data from distributed sources, while maintaining the privacy and allowing easy and flexible network expansion to other institutes. This approach holds great potential for advancing human brain tumor classification and fostering collaborative precision medicine in neuro-oncology.Item Investigation of the Stability of the Poly(ethylene oxide)|LiNi1-x-y CoxMnyO2 Interface in Solid-State Batteries(2023) Yusim, Yuriy; Hunstock, Dirk F.; Mayer, Alexander; Bresser, Dominic; Passerini, Stefano; Janek, Jürgen; Henss, AnjaWhile solid-state batteries (SSBs) comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) based electrolytes are successfully commercialized already for operation at elevated temperature, the selection of the cathode active material (CAM) has so far been limited to LiFePO4. When using high-voltage CAMs such as LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM), the cells experience fast capacity fading – the cause of which is not consistently understood in literature. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in a three-electrode setup are applied to confirm that the NCM|PEO interface is indeed the Achilles' heel in PEO-based SSBs at high voltages. In this regard, the interfacial stability on the cathode side depends not only on the upper cut-off voltage, but also on the molecular weight of PEO, strongly affecting the cell performance. Scanning electron microscopy images of the cathodes after cycling suggest that at high voltages interfacial degradation leads to fragmentation of the polymer backbone and to a decrease in viscosity of the solid polymer electrolyte. Overall, the results help to understand the detrimental processes occurring in PEO-based SSBs in combination with high-voltage cathodes.Item Secondary 3-Chloropiperidines: Powerful Alkylating Agents(2023) Georg, Mats; Laping, Lina Alexandra; Billo, Veronica; Gatto, Barbara; Friedhoff, Peter; Göttlich, RichardIn previous works, we demonstrated that tertiary 3-chloropiperidines are potent chemotherapeutics, alkylating the DNA through the formation of bicyclic aziridinium ions. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel secondary 3-chloropiperidine analogues. The synthesis incorporates a new procedure to monochlorinate unsaturated primary amines utilizing N-chlorosuccinimide, while carefully monitoring the temperature to prevent dichlorination. Furthermore, we successfully isolated highly strained bicyclic aziridines by treating the secondary 3-chloropiperidines with a sufficient amount of base. We conclude this work with a DNA cleavage assay as a proof of principle, comparing our previously known substrates to the novel compounds. In this, the secondary 3-chloropiperidine as well as the isolated bicyclic aziridine, proved to be more effective than their tertiary counterpart.