Screening red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for possible viral causes of encephalitis

dc.contributor.authorBourg, Manon
dc.contributor.authorNobach, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorHerzog, Sibylle
dc.contributor.authorLange-Herbst, Hildburg
dc.contributor.authorNesseler, Anne
dc.contributor.authorHamann, Hans-Peter
dc.contributor.authorBecker, Sabrina
dc.contributor.authorHöper, Dirk
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann, Bernd
dc.contributor.authorEickmann, Markus
dc.contributor.authorHerden, Christiane
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-18T09:51:57Z
dc.date.available2017-05-26T13:16:16Z
dc.date.available2022-11-18T09:51:57Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractBackground: Next to various known infectious and non-infectious causes, the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) often remains unclear. Known causes in foxes imply rabies, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis, Aujeszky s disease, as well as parvovirus, adenovirus, circovirus and flavivirus infections. In this study, particular attention was paid on bornaviruses, since red foxes are predators of bicoloured white-toothed shrews, a reservoir of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1). In addition, foxes are known to be highly susceptible for viruses of the order Mononegavirales. Methods: Analyses for the presence of anti-BoDV-1 antibodies, BoDV-1-RNA and antigen were performed on 225 blood and 59 brain samples, from a total of 232 red foxes. Foxes originated from BoDV-1 endemic and non-endemic German areas. Additional investigations for the presence of rabies, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis, Aujeszky s disease, parvovirus, adenovirus and flavivirus infections were carried out on 16 red foxes with non-suppurative (meningo-) encephalitis. A metagenomic analysis was used on three representative brain samples displaying encephalitis. Results: Among 225 foxes, 37 displayed anti-BoDV-1 antibodies with titres ranging between 1:40 and 1:2560, regardless of geographic origin. In 6 out of 16 foxes with encephalitis, canine distemper virus was detected. No evidence of any of the other investigated agents was found in the 16 fox brains with encephalitis. Metagenomics revealed no infectious agents, except for one already known canine distemper case. Conclusion: Red foxes can exhibit BoDV-1 specific antibodies without association with geographic origin or encephalitis due to bornavirus infection. The encephalitis pattern was highly conspicuous for a viral infection, but remained unclear in 10 out of 16 foxes. Thus, presently unknown infectious and non-infectious causes need to be considered and further investigated, especially since foxes also tend to occur in human proximity.en
dc.identifier.urihttp://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:26-opus-128786
dc.identifier.urihttps://jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de//handle/jlupub/9297
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.22029/jlupub-8685
dc.language.isoende_DE
dc.rightsNamensnennung 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectBorna diseaseen
dc.subjectBoDV-1en
dc.subjectRed foxen
dc.subjectNon-suppurative encephalitisen
dc.subjectIndirect immunofluorescence testen
dc.subject.ddcddc:630de_DE
dc.titleScreening red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for possible viral causes of encephalitisen
dc.typearticlede_DE
local.affiliationFB 10 - Veterinärmedizinde_DE
local.opus.fachgebietVeterinärmedizinde_DE
local.opus.id12878
local.opus.instituteInstitute of Veterinary Pathologyde_DE
local.source.freetextVirology Journal 13:151de_DE
local.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-016-0608-1

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