In this study the productive efficiency and stability of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and camelina (Camelina sativa Crtz.) genotypes has been tested for production under low-input conditions (reduced N-fertilization and plant protection) in the Lahn-Dill region (Hesse, Germany). Furthermore these studies aimed at the identification of superior varieties and breeding lines regarding adaptability to marginal conditions (locations, N-fertilization) as a starting material for subsequent breeding programmes.The crop species Camelina sativa is basically suitable for low input production systems because of its good adaptability to adverse environmental conditions and its comparatively short vegetation time. On the basis of the achieved selection progress concerning productivity further improvements of the major agronomic and quality characteristics should be possible by breeding. In this study a first genetic map for C. sativa was constructed using AFLP and 3 Brassica SSR markers in a population of recombinant inbred lines resulting from a cross of phenotypically distinct parents. The map was used to localize QTLs for different agronomical traits of interest (1,000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content, and plant height) and additional promising lines from the yield tests with improved yield performance could be selected. The results represent a starting point for future marker-assisted camelina breeding. Oilseed rape is the most important oil crop in Europe and in particular, winter rape is very well suitable for low input production systems, since it produces the highest grain yield of all adapted oil crops even under less intensive agronomical conditions. Today, the high yield potential of oilseed rape is successfully exploited by hybrid breeding. In this study a value of up to 43% mid-parent heterosis for seed yield could be observed among selected test hybrids compared to that of their parental DH lines particularly at the nutrient-poor site. This demonstrates the suitability and adaptability of highly heterotic rapeseed hybrids on marginal locations and suggests the existence of a strong heterotic effect on nutrient uptake efficiency.But regarding renewable fuels not only rapeseed with 00-quality attracts attentions. In this context high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) cultivars with a large increase in oil yield per hectare and a considerably improved nutrient efficiency may be an interesting alternative for bio-fuel production. In this study three new hybrid combinations were found to combine high seed yields with very high oil content, enabling oil yield per hectare gains of up to 20% compared to existing 00 rapeseed and open-pollinated HEAR cultivars. Furthermore high oil yields in the HEAR hybrids were also achieved under reduced nitrogen input. Such high-performing erucic aid hybrid cultivars could potentially play an important role in the generation of renewable energy on less productive soils or in low-input production systems, considerably improving the environmental sustainability of bio-fuel production in comparison to conventional bio-diesel.
Verknüpfung zu Publikationen oder weiteren Datensätzen
