Water scarcity is one of the main issues in Pacitan, particularly in the karst areas that are intersected with Gunung Sewu karst areas. There are three Kecamatan that are included in karst areas of Gunung Sewu in Pacitan, namely: Kecamatan Donorojo, Kecamatan Punung, and Kecamatan Pringkuku. Due to the porous texture of the karst underground, most of the precipitation trickles immediately down into extensive system of sinkholes and caves. Therefore, surface water rivers or brooks are limited to be found in the area, particularly during dry season where water supplies are depleted. During dry season, the three Kecamatan suffer water shortage where some people need to walk up to several kilometres to fetch water for their domestic use. The long period of dry season exacerbates the condition where extreme climate events, i.e. ENSO occur. However, PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) or Piped Water Supply from the Government that had developed since 1992 in Pacitan had contributed in water supply in these areas and it had covered 70% in three Kecamatan by building IPA and is currently developing to cover the rest of the area by utilizing perennial water sources. PDAM and The Ministry of Public Work are supporting the water treatment installation (Instalasi Pengolahan Air/IPA) especially in these three Kecamatan. Furthermore, adaptive capacity has been developing in the local community of karst area in Pacitan, e.g. planting cultivars that resistant to drought (cassava, maize, soybean, and groundnut) or doing multi cropping between those cultivars, and the application of traditional Javanese agriculture calendar that is called pranata mangsa by some communities.Water governance in Pacitan has been able to cope with the complexity of water management. Since 2004, where PDAM was expanding its service, the local government of Pacitan has been collecting information regarding villages in three Kecamatan that suffer severe water issues from the head of village, thus further actions to tackle water shortage in the respected areas are prepared. Nevertheless, the implementations of regulation that attributable to climate variability adaptation from the central government are not well enforced. Although Pokja or working groups from DNPI through Government Regulation has formed greenhouse gas emission reduction strategy and climate change adaptation mainstream policies, but the top-down implementation has not been well implemented. Therefore, the integrated coordination between supported governmental institutions in water and climate sector is significant to be established, as well as the involvement of Public-Private Partnership to support the finance development by taking the role of local communities into consideration.
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