Fruit yield and quality of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) in relation to agronomic and environmental factors
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From 2008 to 2010 field experiments with the medicinal and spice plant Pimpinella anisum L. were carried out to clarify the effect of different agronomic factors on fruit yield and its components as well as on essential oil content and its composition. Three field experiments were carried out at two experimental stations in Giessen and Gross-Gerau. First experiment included three factors: sowing rates, sowing times and cultivars. Second experiment included different row spacing (15, 25 and 35.5 cm) and sowing rates (6, 12 and 24g/10 m2). Third field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of various fungicides against the fungal infection caused by Cercospora malkoffii. The field trials regarding sowing time and fungicide were designed in RCBD factorial plot arrangements whereas row spacing as under split plot arrangement with four replications. Anise fruits were hydro-distillated using a distillatory apparatus of Neo-Clevenger. The essential oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. All data were statistically analyzed by using PIAF software.In the fungicide field experiments it was found that two of the tested fungicides Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M and Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazol reduced Cercospora malkoffii severity to a great extent in both years. This was consistent over two seasons with different levels of disease in each. It was observed that applied fungicides had no significant impact regarding yield contributing parameters including primary branches, umbels, fruits and fruit weight per plant in 2009 whereas significantly effects were observed in 2010. Cultivar Pharmasaat was characterized by higher level of fruit yield parameters compared with cv. Enza Zaden in 2009. It was found that anise plants sprayed with Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazol induced higher fruit yield parameters compared with other fungicides. Further it was found that essential oil concentration of anise fruits was affected by fungicides as well by used cultivars in 2010. Plants treated with Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazol and Fosetyl accumulated significant more essential oil compared with other treatments. Contrary to that essential oil concentration of anise showed no remarkable variation regarding fungicides application in 2009. The compound trans-anethole reached maximal concentration in anise fruits of the plots which were applied with Fosetyl in both seasons. It can be concluded that Fosetyl improved host defense mechanism which could be a reason of higher level of trans-anethole in anis fruits.Verknüpfung zu Publikationen oder weiteren Datensätzen
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Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler