Traumatic Knee Joint Dislocation in a Total Knee Arthroplasty with Rupture of the Popliteal Artery and a Subsequent Prosthesis Change: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Dislocations of the knee joint due to low-energy trauma following knee arthroplasty are very rare cases. However, when vascular involvement is present, it must be taken very seriously. This study aims to examine the clinical course, diagnostic approach, and surgical management of knee joint dislocation with vascular injury following low-energy trauma in a patient with a pre-existing knee arthroplasty. Case Report: This case report details the instance of a 67-year-old female patient experiencing an anterior dislocation of the knee joint subsequent to a low-energy fall, occurring years after the surgical implantation of a knee joint prosthesis. Clinically and radiologically, an anterior dislocation of the knee joint accompanied by a rupture of the popliteal artery (PI/III segment) was confirmed. The involvement of the popliteal artery was evident in duplex sonography and computed tomography angiography conducted after closed reduction. The surgical intervention involved performing an end-to-end anastomosis of the popliteal artery, followed by the installation of a cemented rotating hinge knee endoprosthesis. Conclusion: Severe knee joint dislocations often require immediate closed reduction and duplex sonography, potentially leading to emergency surgical intervention. Prioritizing vascular and neurological repair before orthopedic treatment is essential, with follow-up assessments for joint stability recommended.