JLUdocs

Dauerhafte URI für den Bereich

jlupub.ub.uni-giessen.de/handle/jlupub/58

JLUdocs ist der Bereich für Open-Access-Publikationen von Mitgliedern und Angehörigen der JLU Gießen.

In JLUdocs können Sie Ihre Textdokumente im Sinne von Open Access frei zugänglich veröffentlichen. Alle Dokumente erhalten einen Digital Object Identifier (DOI) und werden langfristig zugänglich gemacht. Die Dokumente werden zudem in Bibliothekskatalogen und Suchmaschinen nachgewiesen, wodurch sich die Sichtbarkeit Ihrer Publikation deutlich erhöht.

JLUdocs hat die Giessener Elektronische Bibliothek (GEB) abgelöst. Die in GEB publizierten Dokumente finden Sie nun in JLUdocs.

Sie können uns per E-Mail erreichen: jlupub@bibsys.uni-giessen.de

Stöbern nach

Auflistung JLUdocs nach Auflistung nach Fachbereich/Einrichtung "FB 06 - Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft"

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 20 von 593
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    A change in perspective: The interaction of saccadic and pursuit eye movements in oculomotor control and perception
    (2021) Göttker, Alexander; Gegenfurtner, Karl R.
    Due to the close relationship between oculomotor behavior and visual processing, eye movements have been studied in many different areas of research over the last few decades. While these studies have brought interesting insights, specialization within each research area comes at the potential cost of a narrow and isolated view of the oculomotor system. In this review, we want to expand this perspective by looking at the interactions between the two most important types of voluntary eye movements: saccades and pursuit. Recent evidence indicates multiple interactions and shared signals at the behavioral and neurophysiological level for oculomotor control and for visual perception during pursuit and saccades. Oculomotor control seems to be based on shared position- and velocity-related information, which leads to multiple behavioral interactions and synergies. The distinction between position- and velocity-related information seems to be also present at the neurophysiological level, too. In addition, visual perception seems to be based on shared efferent signals about upcoming eye positions and velocities, which are to some degree independent of the actual oculomotor response. This review suggests an interactive perspective on the oculomotor system, based mainly on different types of sensory input, and less so on separate subsystems for saccadic or pursuit eye movements.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    A comparison of the temporal and spatial properties of trans-saccadic perceptual recalibration and saccadic adaptation
    (2020) Valsecchi, Matteo; Cassanello, Carlos Raul; Herwig, Arvid; Rolfs, Martin; Gegenfurtner, Karl R.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    A dataset for evaluating one-shot categorization of novel object classes
    (2020) Morgenstern, Yaniv; Schmidt, Filipp; Fleming, Roland W.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    A feminist economics perspective on the agroecology-food and nutrition security nexus
    (2022) Ume, Chukwuma; Nuppenau, Ernst-August; Domptail, Stephanie Eileen
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    A Systematic Review of Momentary Assessment Designs for Mood and Anxiety Symptoms
    (2021) Hall, Mila; Scherner, Paloma V.; Kreidel, Yannic; Rubel, Julian
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Abdominal Obesity-Related Disturbance of Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated with CD8+ EMRA Cells in the Elderly
    (2021) Boßlau, Tim K.; Wasserfurth, Paulina; Krüger, Britta; Reichel, Thomas; Palmowski, Jana; Nebl, Josefine; Weyh, Christopher; Schenk, Alexander; Joisten, Niklas; Stahl, Frank; Thoms, Stefanie; Gebhardt, Kristina; Hahn, Andreas; Krüger, Karsten
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Accuracy of Motor Error Predictions for Different Sensory Signals
    (2018) Joch, Michael; Hegele, Mathias; Maurer, Heiko; Müller, Hermann; Maurer, Lisa K.
    Detecting and evaluating errors in action execution is essential for learning. Through complex interactions of the inverse and the forward model, the human motor system can predict and subsequently adjust ongoing or subsequent actions. Inputs to such a prediction are efferent and afferent signals from various sources. The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of visual as well as a combination of efferent and proprioceptive input signals to error prediction in a complex motor task. Predicting motor errors has been shown to be correlated with a neural signal known as the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN). Here, we tested how the Ne/ERN amplitude was modulated by the availability of different sensory signals in a semi-virtual throwing task where the action outcome (hit or miss of the target) was temporally delayed relative to movement execution allowing participants to form predictions about the outcome prior to the availability of knowledge of results (KR). 19 participants practiced the task and EEG was recorded in two test conditions. In the Visual condition, participants received only visual input by passively observing the throwing movement. In the EffProp condition, participants actively executed the task while visual information about the real and the virtual effector was occluded. Hence, only efferent and proprioceptive signals were available. Results show a significant modulation of the Ne/ERN in the Visual condition while no effect could be observed in the EffProp condition. In addition, amplitudes of the feedback related negativity (FRN) in response to the actual outcome feedback were found to be inversely related to the Ne/ERN amplitudes. Our findings indicate that error prediction is modulated by the availability of input signals to the forward model. The observed amplitudes were found to be attenuated in comparison to previous studies, in which all efferent and sensory inputs were present. Furthermore, we assume that visual signals are weighted higher than proprioceptive signals, at least in goal-oriented tasks with visual targets.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Activation of the parieto-premotor network is associated with vivid motor imagery : A parametric fMRI study
    (2011) Lorey, Britta; Pilgramm, Sebastian; Bischoff, Matthias; Stark, Rudolf; Vaitl, Dieter; Kindermann, Stefan; Munzert, Jörn; Zentgraf, Karen
    The present study examined the neural basis of vivid motor imagery with parametrical functional magnetic resonance imaging. 22 participants performed motor imagery (MI) of six different right-hand movements that differed in terms of pointing accuracy needs and object involvement, i.e., either none, two big or two small squares had to be pointed at in alternation either with or without an object grasped with the fingers. After each imagery trial, they rated the perceived vividness of motor imagery on a 7-point scale. Results showed that increased perceived imagery vividness was parametrically associated with increasing neural activation within the left putamen, the left premotor cortex (PMC), the posterior parietal cortex of the left hemisphere, the left primary motor cortex, the left somatosensory cortex, and the left cerebellum. Within the right hemisphere, activation was found within the right cerebellum, the right putamen, and the right PMC. It is concluded that the perceived vividness of MI is parametrically associated with neural activity within sensorimotor areas. The results corroborate the hypothesis that MI is an outcome of neural computations based on movement representations located within motor areas.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Active development of social networks and relationships to Chinese small and micro business owners' success
    (2005) Zhao, Xiangyang
    Network-based approach is especially useful for the understanding of the entrepreneurship in those collectivistic cultures like China. Many scholars have pointed out the importance of guanxi (personal connections) in Chinese business practice. However, three major questions have still not been adequately addressed in literature. The first one is the regional differences and similarities on Chinese entrepreneurship and her business owners between urban China and rural China. The second one is the link between different types of guanxi and business success. The third one is how business owners actively establish their social networks in order to achieve high business success. Four studies were conducted in this dissertation to address the above questions. All four studies were tested on two samples of Chinese small and micro business owners. 133 were from Beijing and 78 were from an inland, less developed rural region named Xunyi. Study 1 (Chapter 2) empirically compared the differences and similarities of the entrepreneurship and their business owners between rural China and urban China, taking specifically into account both economic and sociological variables as well as psychological variables. It showed many expected differences in entrepreneurship between urban China and rural China, but showed many unexpected differences and amazing similarities throughout China as well. Study 2 (Chapter 3) conceptualized guanxi into different types and tested the functional value of different types of guanxi in predicting business success. Largely in contrast to the commonly held belief on the importance of guanxi in Chinese business practice, this study only confirmed that guanxi network (especially the guanxi with government officials) was related to business success in less developed rural regions, but not in developed urban areas. Further, by exploring the role of resources exchanged in social networks, this study has gone beyond the sole discussion of the link between guanxi and success to delve into the mechanism behind it. Study 3 (Chapter 4) mainly differentiated three concepts in theory: social skills, social strategies and active and elaborate social strategies. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were employed to reexamine the psychometric traits of the 3-factor social skills scales developed by Baron and Markman (2003) and to test the newly developed active and elaborate social strategies scales. The results showed only part of the social skills scales developed by Baron and Markman (2003) could be clearly reproduced and combined into a second-order factor of social skills. However, the newly developed active and elaborate social strategies scales showed good psychometric traits and also could be combined into a second-order factor of active and elaborate social strategies. Study 4 (Chapter 5) tested a model of active network building and business success. I argued that three psychological constructs are particularly useful for network building: social skills, active and elaborate social strategies and relationship-oriented personal initiative. These three psychological variables can influence business success directly or via social networks (as a mediator). The results showed that government guanxi network is a more consistent and pronounced mediator between three psychological variables and business success, especially in rural, less developed regions, but business guanxi network is not. In general, the two-sample design employed in this dissertation makes me to validate the findings in different contexts, especially to deal with the great divides between urban China and rural China. Based on a relatively large sample size, this study pushes the inquiry on the link between guanxi and business success one step further. The active social approaches developed in this dissertation also enrich the literature on the active approaches in work and organizational psychology and entrepreneurship. Finally, as one of the studies that looks at how guanxi is built and maintained, if these results can be replicated and if they can be shown to be longitudinally valid, they can be used to train people in how to increase their networks and to increase their successes.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Active Haptic Exploration of Softness: Indentation Force Is Systematically Related to Prediction, Sensation and Motivation
    (2018) Lezkan, Alexandra; Metzger, Anna; Drewing, Knut
    Active finger movements play a crucial role in natural haptic perception. For the perception of different haptic properties people use different well-chosen movement schemes (Lederman and Klatzky, 1987). The haptic property of softness is stereotypically judged by repeatedly pressing one´s finger against an objects´ surface, actively indenting the object. It has been shown that people adjust the peak indentation forces of their pressing movements to the expected stimulus´ softness in order to improve perception (Kaim and Drewing, 2011). Here, we aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying such adjustments. We disentangle how people modulate executed peak indentation forces depending on predictive vs. sensory signals to softness, and investigate the influence of the participants´ motivational state on movement adjustments. In Experiment 1, participants performed a two alternative forced-choice (2AFC) softness discrimination task for stimulus pairs from one of four softness categories. We manipulated the predictability of the softness category. Either all stimuli of the same category were presented in a blocked fashion, which allowed predicting the softness category of the upcoming pair (predictive signals high), or stimuli from different categories were randomly intermixed, which made prediction impossible (predictive signals low). Sensory signals to softness category of the two stimuli in a pair are gathered during exploration. We contrasted the first indentation (sensory signals low) and last indentation (sensory signals high) in order to examine the effect of sensory signals. The results demonstrate that participants systematically apply lower forces when softer objects (as compared to harder objects) are indicated by predictive signals. Notably, sensory signals seemed to be not as relevant as predictive signals. However, in Experiment 2, we manipulated participant motivation by introducing rewards for good performance, and showed that the use of sensory information for movement adjustments can be fostered by high motivation. Overall, the present study demonstrates that exploratory movements are adjusted to the actual perceptual situation and that in the process of fine-tuning, closed- and open-loop mechanisms interact, with varying contributions depending on the observer´s motivation.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Actively managing job transitions : a multi-faceted perspective on career development
    (2007) Raabe, Babette
    Managing careers is difficult yet necessary for both individuals and organizations (Arnold, 2001). Careers become increasingly more difficult to describe, explain and predict in the face of changes of both jobs and organizations (Kidd, 1998) and are likely to consist of a greater number of transitions (Jackson, Arnold, Nicholson & Watts, 1996). Overall, theory and conceptual understanding have lagged behind on how employees can become more active in self-managing their careers, and how organizations can support them adequately in this endeavour. An important underlying foundation for the research in this dissertation was the concept of personal initiative and especially an active approach which are applied to career development. The first study started with a identifying and testing a conceptual framework for a training intervention. A training was investigated in which 205 employees were trained to actively manage their careers. It was tested whether the action process model (Frese und Zapf, 1994) would provide both a good theoretical as well as practical framework for a training, and how the different elements of the action process model would relate to each other when participants learn to actively manage careers. The second study then addressed consequences of active career self-management behaviors that had increased in the intervention. It was investigated whether career self-management behaviors affect career satisfaction directly, and how different organizational feedback variables such as pay increase and speed in job transition would interplay to influence career satisfaction. The third study augmented the previous two by concentrating on the role of positive affect in career development. It was investigated whether a newly proposed tripartite model of positive affect (Egloff, Schmukle, Burns, Kohlmann, & Hock, 2003) would stand the test of a practical application in the field, and how career self-management behaviors would be related to different facets of positive affect. In addition, it was tested which facets of positive affect would be related to career and job satisfaction, and whether both influences of behavioral and affective variables on workplace attitudes coexist.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Acute hunger does not always undermine prosociality
    (2019) Häusser, Jan A.; Stahlecker, Christina; Mojzisch, Andreas; Leder, Johannes; Van Lange, Paul A. M.; Faber, Nadira S.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Acute response of biomarkers in plasma from capillary blood after a strenuous endurance exercise bout
    (2023) Reichel, Thomas; Held, Steffen; Schwarz, Anthony; Hacker, Sebastian; Wesemann, Fabian; Donath, Lars; Krüger, Karsten
    Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the acute response of potential exercise-sensitive biomarkers in capillary plasma to an acute incremental running test. In a second step, their concentration was compared to the changes in the venous serum. Methods: Thirty-seven active young female and male adults completed a VO2max ramp test on a treadmill. Before and after exercise, capillary blood from the earlobe and venous blood were taken and synchronized. Concentrations of Interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, Interferon (IFN)-y, CC-chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)- 9, Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), Cluster of differentiation (CD)163, S100 Ca2+ -binding protein (S100) A8, S100A9, S100B, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by magnetic bead-based multiplex assay. Results: Capillary plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-y, CCL-2, MMP-9, SPARC, CD163, S100A9, S100B, and BDNF increased after exercise (p < 0.05). Comparing the values from capillary plasma and venous serum, ICCs classified as good were found for IFN-y (post), while the ICCs for IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17A, CCL-2, MMP-9 (post), SPARC, and BDNF (post) were classified as moderate. For all other parameters, only weak ICCs were found. Conclusion: As in the venous serum, there was an increase in most markers in the capillary plasma. However, acceptable to low associations can be found in the concentration levels of these proteins between the compartments. Thus, this source of blood sampling could find some biomarker applications in sports practice.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Acute responsivity of the serotonergic system to S-citalopram and positive emotionality : the moderating role of the 5-HTTLPR
    (2013) Wielpuetz, Catrin; Kuepper, Yvonne; Grant, Phillip; Aisha, J; Munk, L.; Hennig, Juergen
    According to the idea that the central serotonergic system has a modulatory functionon behavior and personality in general, we aimed to highlight its association to habitual positive emotionality. In a placebo-controlled double-blind and randomized cross-over neuroendocrine challenge design (n = 72 healthy males) we investigated the association of the central serotonergic responsivity, 5-HTTLPR-genotype as well as their combined effects on positive emotionality. Regression analyses revealed an involvement of the serotonergic system in positive emotionality. There was, however, no direct association between positive emotionality and cortisol responses to S-citalopram; rather5-HTTLPR-genotype showed an association (p < 0.05). That is, positive emotionality scores increased with the number of s-alleles carried by the individuals. Most notable was the moderating role of 5-HTTLPR-genotype (p < 0.05) on the association between acute serotonergic responsivity and positive emotionality. Indeed, this association was only found in ss-homozygotes, in which the acute responsivity of the serotonergic system additionally seems to contribute to the level of positive emotionality (r = 0.70, p < 0.05). The findings correspond to previous research demonstrating that the 5-HTTLPR is not only involved in the negative-emotional aspects of behavior and temperament, but is associated, moreover, with positive affectivity supporting the assumption of its valence-neutrality. In addition, our data are in line with the idea of possible influences of the 5-HTTLPR-genotype on early neuronal development. They also indicate the need for further studies in order to clearly elucidate the role of the serotonergic system and itssubcomponents in the regulation of positive emotionality.
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Additional cognitive load decreases performance but not adaptation to a visuomotor transformation
    (2022) Langsdorf, Lisa; Goehringer, Frederic; Schween, Raphael; Schenk, Thomas; Hegele, Mathias
  • Vorschaubild
    Item
    Age effects on saccadic adaptation: Evidence from different paradigms reveals specific vulnerabilities
    (2017) Huang, Jing; Gegenfurtner, Karl R.; Schütz, Alexander C.; Billino, Jutta
    Saccadic eye movements provide an opportunity to study closely interwoven perceptual, motor, and cognitive changes during aging. Here, we investigated age effects on different mechanisms of saccadic plasticity. We compared age effects in two different adaptation paradigms that tap into low- and high-level adaptation processes. A total of 27 senior adults and 25 young adults participated in our experiments. In our first experiment, we elicited adaptation by a double-step paradigm, which is designed to trigger primarily low-level, gradual motor adaptation. Age groups showed equivalent adaptation of saccadic gain. In our second experiment, adaptation was induced by a perceptual task that emphasizes high-level, fast processes. We consistently found no evidence for age-related differences in low-level adaptation; however, the fast adaptation response was significantly more pronounced in the young adult group. We conclude that low-level motor adaptation is robust during healthy aging but that high-level contributions, presumably involving executive strategies, are subject to age-related decline. Our findings emphasize the need to differentiate between specific aging processes in order to understand functional decline and stability across the adult life span.