In this thesis, CPC and SrCPC were used to evaluate bone healing in a critical size metaphyseal defect model in osteoporotic rats after 6 weeks and compared to an empty defect. Control empty defect showed a significantly lower bone formation. The highest bone remodeling was seen in the SrCPC group six weeks after biomaterial implantation. Trabecular bone formation in the SrCPC group was highest at the bone-implant interface when compared to CPC group (p<0.01). With respect to the entire defect region a similar scenario was seen in favor of SrCPC, where there was more bone formation when compared to both CPC (p=0.005) and empty control groups (p=0.0001). Moreover, an enhanced cortical bridging was seen in the SrCPC group in comparison to the others where large shifts in cortices were seen. In addition, these gaps were filled predominantly with cartilage and osteoid incase of the SrCPC group. Whereas fibrous tissue was the most common type in the CPC and empty control group. On examination of potential biomarkers for bone formation, a favorable condition was seen in the SrCPC group which exhibited an up regulation of bone formation markers such as bone morphogenic protein-2, osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin. At this time point differential gene expression also exhibited a remarkable up-regulation of bone formation genes like alkaline phosphatase, collagen 10a1 and osteocalcin in SrCPC group as well. Finally, a significantly higher Sr count was found in the SrCPC group by TOF-SIMS mostly in the areas of the new bone formation thereby suggesting the release of strontium ions form SrCPC. In summation, SrCPC enhanced bone formation in comparison to CPC and empty defects.
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